Integrated network switch having mixed mode switching with selectable full frame/half frame switching

ABSTRACT

An integrated network switch operable in either full-frame or half-frame switching modes on a circuit-by-circuit basis. To effect selective operation in either full-frame or half-frame switching modes, an information memory buffer has the capacity of storing two samples per port. A connection memory contains the source addresses for the output ports. The most significant bit of an address designates the first or second sample of the two sample information memory buffer. For half-frame mode operation, the current value of the most significant bit of the write pointer (the address being written to) is used in the source address for reading when the source address is less than the write pointer. However, when the source address is greater than the write pointer, the most significant bit position is switched. For full-frame mode operation, the most significant bit of the source address will always take the inverse of the most significant bit for the write pointer. This assures that the read frame is always in the half of the two sample buffer not then being written to.

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/520,004 filed Aug. 28,1995, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,618,496 which is a continuation of priorapplication Ser. No. 08/257,886 filed Jun. 10, 1994 (abandoned).

This application is related to the following U.S. application Ser. Nos.:

08/257,885 of Steven Weir for Integrated Network Switch With FlexibleSerial Data Packet Transfer System, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,748,627;

08/257,887 of Karen Bell and John Monteschio for Integrated NetworkSwitch Having Universal Shelf Architecture With Flexible Shelf Mapping,now U.S. Pat. No. 5,724,347;

08/257,889 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,856) of Steven Weir for IntegratedNetwork Switch With Large Capacity Switch Architecture Using SelectableInterfaces Between Peripherals And Switch Memories; and

08/678,950 (FWC of 08/257,890) of Shad William Muegge, Paul Hendersonand Mark Stolp for System For Processor Identification Of A VMEBackplane, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,655,149.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to integrated network switches and moreparticularly to integrated network switches which use standardmultiplex-compatible PCM for voice functions and also support a widerange of data function.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

One conventional integrated network switch is represented by the 20-20®integrated network switch manufactured by Harris Corporation. Thisintegrated network switch, the subject of U.S. Pat. No. 4,688,212 whichissued on Aug. 18, 1987 to MacGinitie et al. and assigned to HarrisCorporation, accommodates both the North American (μ-Law) and theEuropean (A-Law) multiplex equipment, while processing both synchronousand asynchronous circuit- and packet- switched data up to 2 Mbits/s.

A complete understanding of the invention described hereinafter will befacilitated with a description of the construction and operation of the20-20 switch. The hardware of this microprocessor based system includesperipheral cards bearing telephony interface units which containcircuits for lines, trunk, and service units. Service units may be DTMFreceivers, MF receivers, serial interface units and the like. A commoncontroller interconnects to the peripheral cards through a telephonybus. The common controller consists of a telephony control unit (TCU)and a call processor unit (CPU).

The integrated network switch can provide up to 2048 ports andaccommodate up to 1920 non-blocking peripheral devices, such astelephones, printers, modems, tape drives, data devices and the like,grouped into port groups as will be described. Each port group containsup to 32 peripheral interface units and is associated with a port groupbus, the port group buses forming a portion of the telephony bus to bedescribed. Thus, 60 port group buses are provided to accommodate 1920peripheral devices, (32×60=1920). The remaining 128 ports, correspondingto 4 additional port groups, are allocated to tone and conferencefunctions.

The peripheral circuits are coupled to a telephony control unit (TCU)through the telephony bus, which as will be explained in more detailherein below is actually a large set of small buses that form a part ofa multiplexing tree. The telephony bus connects all line, trunk, othertelephony and data feature units to the telephony controller and alsoprovides timing for codes and similar devices. The telephony controlunit mediates all communications between the peripherals and the callprocessor unit (CPU) of the common controller. Thus, the call processorunit and the telephony control unit together constitute a common controlfor the peripherals. Therefore the integrated network switch can beviewed generally as consisting of (1) telephony peripherals, (2) atelephony bus tree, and (3) a common controller containing a telephonycontroller unit (TCU) and a call processor unit (CPU). The peripheralscommunicate with the TCU through the telephony bus tree, andsubsequently with the CPU through the TCU.

The telephone control unit (TCU) not only mediates all communicationsbetween the call processor unit and the peripherals, it also scans theperipherals for service requests, provides the switched voice/dataconnections to devices, and provides timing for the PCM, codes, anddata. The TCU appears; to the call processor unit (CPU) as 32 Kbytes ofmemory divided into 2048 blocks of 16 bytes each. One block isdesignated for each address. All functions associated with a givenperipheral appear in the 16 byte block assigned to the peripheral.

The call processor unit (CPU) is a bus-oriented microprocessor complex.Typically the CPU consists of a service unit, multiple microprocessors,dual port DRAMs, and a disk subsystem. More specifically, a dual portDRAM is associated with each microprocessor and operates to store codeloaded from disk and supply instructions to the associated processor.Further, the service unit provides clocks and priority resolver for thebus, cross-coupled state register and interrupts for active/standby andswitch-over control, the interface to the telephony controller unit, andthe signaling packet transfer (SPT) function for data communication withthe peripherals.

As explained previously, the telephony bus tree consists of a set ofbuses forming a multiplexing tree between the peripheral devices and thecommon control. In the exemplary integrated switch network, with 1920peripheral devices, there are 60 buses each assigned to a port group of32 ports. Since each bus operates at the standard 2.048 Mhz rate, 32bytes of PCM data will be transmitted in a 125 μs frame divided into 32time slots. It should be apparent that with the arrangement describedeach of the 1920 peripheral devices transmits a byte of PCM data duringeach frame interval. That is, all peripherals will be able to transmitin each frame.

Signaling information, that is digital data not constituting PCM voiceinformation, is transmitted utilizing a 16 frame submultiplexing cycleor superframe. As is known in the art, signaling information and PCMvoice information are transmitted over separate wires between aperipheral and the common control. That is, the bus to a peripheral isnot a single wire, but a plurality of wires each connected to carry adifferent type of information. For example, a suitable bus may consistof 7 wires. Two wires are assigned to PCM data, one for PCM transmissionthe other for PCM reception. Two additional wires are assigned to carrysignaling information, one for signaling information transmission, theother for signaling information reception. A sixth line is provided tocarry clock signals, while the seventh line is the ground line. Thus,all bits of all time slots are available for PCM and data.

The above described integrated network switch works well and provides acost effective, easily expandable switch. However, it has constraintswhich limit its applicabilities. For one, the design limits the distanceperipheral cards are from the common control circuitry. Further, thenumber of ports is limited to 2048 ports.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to alleviatelimitations of the conventional integrated circuit network switch andprovide a switch having broader applications while retaining theadvantages of and being compatible with the conventional integratednetwork switch.

These and other objects of the invention are accomplished as describedherein after with reference to the preferred embodiments of theinvention. However, it is to be understood that the description of thepreferred embodiments are given as examples and are not to be construedas limiting the scope of the invention defined by the claims appendedhereto.

More specifically, the improved integrated network switch of thisinvention maintains the advantages of the conventional switch whileproviding a large capacity switch capable of providing non-blockedswitching of over 10,000 ports. This size expansion is realized in partby the provision of a modular structure for the time switch memory. Thismodular structure may consist of plural time switch memories termedherein Matrix Switching Units (MXUs), each for switching a very largenumber of ports. In one embodiment, 10 MXU cards are provided, each MXUswitching 1024 ports. Larger MXU cards, for example cards switching 2048ports are also possible with the MXU design of the invention.

Other features of the improved switch include universal shelfarchitecture, in addition to a universal timeslot structure, selectablefull frame, half frame switching for increased efficiency andflexibility, a flexible switch to peripheral shelf transport interfaceto accommodate multiple different types and lengths of transport mediaincluding copper and optic fibers, and the provision of a packetsignaling mechanism which permits aggregation of channels to produce 16,32 and 64 Kbits/s channels.

With universal shelf architecture, the switch can be configured tosimultaneously support both hex and octal telephony shelves each ofvarying sizes, thus allowing for flexible configuration and expansion.The hex and octal telephony shelves are connected to the common controlthrough port group cables, each corresponding to 64 ports, or twoconventional port groups of 32 ports each and unique interface units.The unique interfaces include Peripheral Shelf Link Interface Units(PSLI) situated on the peripheral cards and Peripheral Interface Units(PIU) situated on the common controller. At least one PSLI willinterface with each PIU and functions to provide a single loop betweenmultiple peripheral cards and a single Matrix Switching Unit (MXU).Additionally, these interfaces permit different types of peripheralshelves, such as octal and hex shelves, to interface with a common MXU.Further, different transport media between the peripheral shelves andthe common control shelves can be used as the Peripheral Shelf LineInterface Units (PSLIs) associated with the telephony shelves andcorresponding Peripheral Interface Units (PIUs) associated with thecommon controller facilitates this feature. Different versions of thePSLI and PIU are provided depending on the transport medium used.

Additionally, a shelf map of port groups from the input shelfdescriptions is dynamically created. By creating logical data structuresto support shelf groupings, the software can manage both co-located andremote shelves.

As all timeslots are made equivalent, any timeslot can be used as aperipheral, conference or tone timeslot. This feature may be facilitatedby embedding the conference and time circuits on the MXU cards.

The improved integrated network switch also includes mixed modeswitching. That is, full frame and half frame switching modes on acircuit by circuit basis are provided. This allows for shorter loopdelays inherent in half frame switching for voice operations, whileguaranteeing frame coherency for NX64 (i.e., video) connections.

Still further the integrated circuit switch of the invention provides animproved serial packet transfer system (SPT) for signaling information.The improved SPT system provides a flexible means for the transport ofsignaling data between telephony interface units and the common control.This improved system provides ad elastic store, for example a two secondelastic store, to all channels independent of bearer rate whilepermitting two, four, or eight 8 Kbits/s (1 Kbyte/s) channels to beaggregated together to form bearer channels of 16, 32, or 64 Kbits/s.The aggregation of the bearer channels into higher rate channels isprogrammable under control of a host processor.

Additionally, the invention consists of a system to uniquely andconsistently identify processors on a bus which do not provide relativeposition information (i.e. slot number). The system allows for dynamicreallocation of a process's identification based on a consistentpattern. This allows processor boards to be removed and added to the buswithout hard coded configuration and also facilitates the universaltimeslot feature. Further, where multiple processors are provided, andone or more fail or are removed, the system allows for the remainingprocessors to compensate for the missing processors on a subsequentinitialization. The unique identification of each processor allows forsimple distribution of tasks between the processors.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and further objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will become more apparent from the following detaileddescription of the embodiments taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates cabinet and shelf assignments of a conventionalintegrated network switch.

FIG. 2 illustrates slot assignments of a common equipment shelf of aconventional integrated network switch.

FIG. 3 illustrates the common control architecture of a conventionalredundantly configured integrated network switch.

FIG. 4 illustrates the telephony bus architecture of a conventionalintegrated network switch.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the integrated network switch of theinvention.

FIG. 6 illustrates one interconnection arrangement between telephonyshelves and the MXUs according to the teachings of the invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates another interconnection arrangement of the telephonyshelves to the MXUs according to the teachings of the invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates a further interconnection arrangement of thetelephony shelves to the MXUs according to the teachings of theinvention.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a PLSI.

FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of a PIU.

FIGS. 11a and 11b diagram half-mode reading from contiguous buffersequal to two frame lengths.

FIGS. 12a and 12b diagram full-mode reading from contiguous buffersequal to two frame lengths.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of the time switch of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a more detailed diagram of the time switch of the presentinvention.

FIGS. 15a and 15b diagram the writing to and reading from elasticbuffers for SPT signalling according to the teaching of the invention.

FIG. 16 is a flow diagram of the SPT message read out according to theteachings of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 illustrates the physical cabinet configuration of a conventionalintegrated network switch accommodating 1920 peripheral circuits and 128tone/conference ports. In the illustrated embodiment the common controlequipment is duplicated for redundancy reliability. That is, the commoncontrol equipment in shelves 1 and 2 of cabinet 1 are the same, with theequipment of shelf 2 being used on failure or removal of the commoncontrol equipment in shelf 1.

More specifically, the switch can be configured in a non-redundant or aredundant configuration. In the non-redundant configuration shelf 1 isoccupied by common equipment. The shelf contains 20 printed circuitboard card slots, a disk drive assembly that incorporates hard andfloppy disk drives, and a common equipment power supply. Shelf 2 wouldbe vacant in the non-redundant configuration.

In the redundant configuration, all elements of the common equipment areduplicated. That is, a complete set of common equipment resides in thetop shelf with its mirror image located in the middle shelf. The systemwill run at full capacity with either set of common control equipment.Automatic switch-over occurs in the event of common control failure inthe active shelf. In either the redundant or non-redundant configurationthe bottom or shelf 3 is used for telephony interface units.

It is advantageous to package the peripheral, that is telephonyinterface circuits on cards mounted on shelve contained in suitablecabinets. In the example being discussed, it has been found suitable tomount 8 telephone circuits per card, and to provide 24 cards per shelf.Thus only 10 shelves are necessary to support 1920 circuits.

Referring now to shelf 3 of cabinet 1, it houses telephony interfacecircuit boards, each board usually containing 8 telephony or peripheral,as they are often termed, interface circuits. Each shelf can accommodate24 boards or cards as they are sometimes termed. Therefore, each shelfwill contain 24 boards each containing 8 telephony interface circuits ora total of 192 telephony interface circuits.

Nine additional physical shelves are needed to accommodate the remaining1728 telephony interface circuits. These shelves are provided in 3additional cabinets, three shelves per cabinet. Each cabinet alsocontains its own power supply.

The telephony interface circuits are connected to the common controlequipment by the telephony bus tree to be described.

The telephony interface units which mount in the telephony equipmentshelves contain the circuits for lines, trunk, and service units.Examples of line units compatible with the telephone interface units are(1) analog line units, (2) long-loop (off-premise) line units, and (3)digital line units.

The analog line unit is used for station service to standard rotary ortone-dial analog telephones. The long loop line unit is similar to theanalog line unit. It functions for station service to rotary dial ortone dial analog telephones and also provides service to off-premisestation extensions. Digital line units is used with an intelligenttelephone set with data transmission and reception capabilities. Thedigital line unit translates internal PCM to a selected digital datasignaling format that can be transmitted over standard telephone twistedpair wire for a loop distance of up to 5000 feet. The digital line unitcombines 16 Kbits signaling with 64 Kbits PCM voice/data at each port.This 80 Kbit signal is transmitted to a digital loop using timecompression multiplexing (TCM) technology. The TCM bursts aretransmitted at 256 Kbits.

Thus, the telephony controller unit (TCU) can support two independentbytes at 500 bytes/s (i.e., 4,000 bits/s) and one 8000 bits/s serialchannel in the each direction. The remaining 48000 bits/s are reservedfor future use.

Examples of trunk units compatible with the telephony interface unitsare (1) ground start/loop start trunk units, (2) 2-wire E&M trunk units,(3) 4-wire E&M trunk units, (4) direct inward dial trunk units, (5)digital trunk units, and (6) CCITT 2.048 Mb digital trunk units.

The ground start/loop start trunk unit connects the integrated networkswitch directly to a central office (CO) transmitting audio informationand supervisory signals between the two locations. The 2-wire E&M trunkunit and the 4-wire E&M trunk unit can both send and receive digitalinformation in MF, DTMF, and dial pulse formats. Direct inward dialtrunk units provide DID access to PBX stations from public switchednetworks and is capable of receiving dialing information in DTMF, MF anddial pulse formats. T1-D4 digital trunk units allow a standard 24channel PCM trunk to interface directly to the integrated networkswitch. They function to convert standard T1-D4 format operating at1.544 Mbits/s to the signaling of the switch. Each of the aboveidentified line and trunk units are conventional and therefore a furtherdescription of the construction and operation will not be necessary fora full and complete understanding of the invention described herein. Theabove description is provided to provide the reader with a clearunderstanding of the environment in which the invention may operate.

The service units which may be used with the integrated network switchare also conventional. They may include (1) dual tone multiple frequency(DTMF) receiver units, (2) call progress detector (CPD) units, (3)broadband dial tone detector (BDTD) units, (4) multi-frequency receiverunits (MFRU), (5) multi-frequency R2 receiver units (MFR2RU), (6) serialinterface units (SUI), and (7) reference timing units (RTU).

The DTMF receiver receives DTMF dialing and decodes the DTMF codes intodigital format. The CPD permits answer on trunk circuits that do notprovide electrical answer signals. The BDTD provides tone detection forinternational applications. The MFRU is used for inter-office signaling,pay telephone, equal access, and special network applications. Itmonitors the audio channel on a particular call and translate MF codesinto digital format. The MFR2RU decodes R2 international 2-of-6frequency coding signaling. The serial interface unit (SIU) containsserial, for example, RS232C ports for system administration. The unittranslates system administration information into standard internalformat and sends it to the common control for processing. Informationfrom the system is transmitted to the SIU where it is translated intostandard ASCII format and transmitted out of the data ports. The SIUconnects to a system peripheral interface panel where data ports areconverted to RS232C signals. A terminal, printer, modem, 9 track tape orany RS 232C device can be used with the SIU. The RTU, which plugs intoany telephony shelf slot provides the switch with a local timingreference. It may be used as an alternate reference source for digitaltrunking (1.544 Mbits/s and 2.048 Mbits/s).

Conventional Common Control Equipment--Overview

The common control equipment is segmented into two subsystems; thecommon control subsystem or call processor unit (CPU) and the telephonycontrol subsystem or telephony control unit (TCU).

The CPU contains the brains of the system. It contains the centralprocessing units, called the Virtual Central Processing Unit(s) (VCPU)and associated memory units. It also contains the hard and floppy diskdrives with their associated controllers and interface units.

The TCU mediates all communication between the CPU and telephonyinterface units/ports (i.e., lines, trunk, and service units). Itcontinuously scans the ports for service requests and provides themechanism for all switched PCM voice and/or signaling data connections.The TCU also includes the tone generator and conference functions, andprovides timing for PCM, codecs and data. FIG. 2 illustrates details ofa common equipment shelf. As above mentioned it contains 20 printedcircuit board slots, the disk drive assembly, as well as a commoncontrol power supply. The disk drive is illustrated in FIG. 2 at 24 andthe power supply at 25. Specially, the CPU exists in printed circuitboard slots 1-10, and the TCU exists in printed circuit board slots11-20.

Common Control Slots of Conventional Switch

Slot 1 houses the PCIU or Peripheral Controller Interface Unit. Itserves as the file controller for the system's hard and floppy diskdrives. It also provides a communication interface between the diskdrives and the VCPU(s).

Slot 3 houses a VCPU. This is a single board computer. Either one, twoor three VCPU's may be used as a function of system size and the amountof call traffic being handled. When used, the second VCPU is located inslot 5, the third VCPU in slot 7. The VCPUs in each common equipmentshelf work together under the control of a multi-tasking operatingsystem. Each VCPU contains on-board RAM memory. Additional memory may beprovided in slot 6. This memory, termed Advanced Memory Unit (AMU),connects to a VCPU to provide additional RAM for additional data, basestorage.

Slot 9 houses the Redundant Memory Unit (RMU) for the redundantconfiguration. Its purpose is to insure that updates to the active database are written to both common equipment shelves. The redundant systemhas at least two RMUs, one per common equipment shelf, coupled to eachother through a dedicated bus. In the event of common equipment failure,the system switches automatically to the standby common equipment shelfwhile maintaining all calls already connected.

The Virtual C-bus Service Unit (VCSU) occupies slot 10. It provides acommunication interface between the call processor unit (CPU) and thetelephony control unit (TCU).

Telephony Control Slots of Conventional Switch

Slot 11 houses the Telephony Timing Unit (TTU). This unit providessystem timing and synchronization. It provides the interface point tothe telephony control unit hardware.

The Conference and Tone Unit (CTU) is contained in slot 12. The CTUsupports a 64 port conference unit and also provides storage andgeneration of 64 system tones. Thus, the CTU appears as 128 ports to theTCU. A conference call may be made among as few as 3 parties and as manyas 64 parties. Multiple conferences may operate simultaneous so long asthe total number of ports engaged in conferencing does not exceed 64.

More specifically, the tone generator produces 64 independent continuousPCM sequences, each with its own port number. Any number of telephonydevices can be connected to any tone by writing the tone's port numberto the devices' source pointer. Each tone is produced by reading aselected sequence of PCM samples from an EPROM and repeating thesequence indefinitely.

The conference unit is the functional equivalent of a set of 32 analogmultiport hybrids. It has 64 ports that appear to the call processorunit (CPU) as 64 independent devices. Each has its own device address,source pointer, and control register. Every port may be connected to anyof the 32 hybrids in any combination. The conference unit may beconfigured as 32 two-input mixers, as 20 three port conferences, and soon through many variations up to one 64 input conference.

Slots 13-20 alternately contain a Time Switch Unit (TSU) and a Scan andSignal Unit (SSU). Each TSU/SSU pair supports 512 ports. Therefore, 4TSU/SSU pairs are required for a system with 1920 peripheral ports and128 conference/tone ports, or 2048 ports in total.

The function of a TSU is to switch pulse code modulation (PCM) voice orsignaling data between as many as 512 ports. The function of the SSU isto transmit and receive signaling information to and from as many as 512ports. As with the TSU as it is also known, each increment of 512 portsrequires an additional SSU which is paired with a corresponding TSU.

The common control architecture in a redundantly configured system isillustrated in FIG. 3. This architecture is explained in U.S. Pat. No.4,688,212.

The Time Switch of Conventional Unit

The telephony control unit (TCU) operation provides through TSU a timeswitch matrix such that the time position at the input corresponds toplace at the output. The time switch matrix is nonblocking so that allinstalled telephony devices may be engaged in conversationsimultaneously and in any configuration. In other words the time switchoperates as a time slot interchanger where the PCM and data charactersfrom all ports are multiplexed together, stored in a sample memory,retrieved from it according to the contents of an address memory andthen demultiplexed back to the ports.

More explicitly, the address register operates as an array of sourcepointer registers and is accessed by the CPU. For every connection theCPU controls the switch in each direction by writing to port number ofthe source to the source pointer register of the destination. In thisway the sample memory need not have to be accessible by the CPU.

The 2048 port switch is implemented as a set of four modules operatingin parallel, each serving 512 ports as above discussed. The four modulearrangement provides convenience in construction. A sample memory andaddress memory is provided in each module and are run at 8.192 Mhz, 122ns/cycle providing 1024 cycles per frame. To implement the four moduleconstruction each sample RAM is 32 bits wide so that four samples may bewritten to it simultaneously and one sample from each of the 2048 portscan be written in 512 cycles.

Signaling Information of Conventional Switch

The status of peripheral units are stored in a high speed RAM accessibleby the call processor and maintained by the scan and signal units (SSU)discussed above. Refreshing occurs every 2 ms (i.e., once persuperframe) via the telephony bus. All parts of the signaling systemoperate continuously at 500 Hz and every function is performed once foreach port in each cycle.

Since the signaling and PCM channels use the same mechanism formultiplexing, the two directions of signaling, to and from theperipheral, each has a capacity of 64 Kbits/s per port. Thesubmultiplexing of the superframe divides this into 16 independentfunctions.

The two bytes from the peripherals are divided into a deviceidentification byte and a status byte that contains a one bit "servicerequest" indicator that is monitored by an event scanner and 7 bits ofother status. The two bytes that are sent to the peripherals are dividedinto one busy/free indicator bit, one bit for out-pulsing or ringing,and 14 bits of other control. A set of signaling registers is providedfor every device address, including those assigned to tone andconferencing functions.

A feature of this conventional integrated network switch is the signalpacket transfer (SPT) mechanism. The SPT is a 64 channel direct memoryaccess controller with its own 32 Kbyte buffer memory. Each enabledchannel will transfer 1000 bytes/s, either from a message packet in thebuffer to the OUT byte, or from the IN byte to a packet in the buffer.The SPT is synchronized to the signaling multiplexer so that thesequence of bytes in the buffer corresponds exactly to the sequence ofbytes received or sent by the peripheral. Each SPT channel has registersfor function control, port number, buffer address, and byte count. Thebuffer RAM and channel control registers appear as memory on the callprocessor unit's bus.

Telephony Bus of Conventional Switch

The telephony bus is not a single bus but a combination of a largenumber of small buses constituting a multiplexing tree for multiplexingthe serial signals received from the 1920 peripheral interface circuits.As mentioned previously, the peripherals are grouped into port groups of32 peripheral (i.e., telephony) interface circuits each. Each port groupis assigned a dedicated port group bus which transmits the PCMvoice/data from each of 32 peripherals at 2.048 Mbits/s in a 32 timeslot, 125 μsec. long frame. Each peripheral interface circuit and thuseach peripheral is assigned a dedicated time slot in the frametransmitted on its dedicated port group bus.

That is, it is to be understood that the time slots of the 125 μs frameinterval are not assigned to conversations as needed. Rather each timeslot is dedicated to a specific telephony device, i.e., to a specificport. Therefore, each port is uniquely associated with a particular timeslot carried by a particular port group bus. Further, signalinginformation is not sent nor received on demand of the CPU. Rather, it iscontinuously sent in the regular 2 ms superframe (16 125 μs frames).

The PCM and signalling data from all peripheral devices in the systemare multiplexed together into the telephony control unit (TCU) by afixed synchronous four level multiplexing telephony bus tree illustratedin FIG. 4. Information from the TCU to the peripheral devices isdemultiplexed in an inverse symmetrical fashion. Referring to FIG. 4,the first and second levels 41, 42 of the telephony bus tree areimplemented on the telephony shelves carrying the peripheral interfacecircuit cards with telephony peripheral units 43 and together combinethe PCM and signaling information from peripherals into the 2.048 Mbit/sstream of the telephony bus. The top two levels of 44, 45 themultiplexing tree, that is the third and fourth levels, are implementedon the shelf carrying the telephony control unit. They operate tocombine 64 port groups into one system.

In one embodiment, the first level multiplexing 41 for PCM data may beaccomplished on the line and trunk units by codec chips 46. The secondlevel multiplexing may be done at the interface of the peripheral cardsto the telephony bus using tristate drivers 47. The third levelmultiplexing 44 combines eight serial 2.048 Mbit/s port buses into oneeight bit wide 2.048 Mbyte/s stream. Thus, the third level multiplexingprovides a serial to parallel conversion. Finally, the top level usestristate drivers to produce a 4 byte wide 4.096 Mword/s internal PCM busthat feeds the CPU.

More specifically, it should be understood that the third level of thetelephony bus tree performs both serial-to-parallel conversion and timemultiplexing on input, and parallel-to-serial and time demultiplexing onoutput.

Software Support of the Hardware

The system software to support the above described hardware is dividedinto a mulitasking operating system and six independent subsystems. Eachsubsystem performs one or more tasks under the direction of theoperating system. Communications between subsystems is accomplished bypassing messages through the operating system. Memory space for eachsubsystem is disjoint since the subsystems may all run on the sameprocessor, or may be distributed over multiple processors.

The following constitutes the major subsystems of the software: (1)initialization, (2) operating system, (3) telephony interface subsystem(TIS), (4) call-action processing subsystems (CAP), (5) maintenanceprocessing subsystem (MAP), and (6) configuration editor subsystem.

The Improved, Increased Capacity Integrated Network Switch

The improved integrated network switch of this invention maintains allthe advantages of the conventional switch while providing (1) a verylarge capacity switch capable of providing non-blocked switching of over10,000 ports, (2) a universal shelf architecture along with (3)universal timeslot structure, (4) selectable full frame, half frameswitching for efficient and flexible switching, (5) flexible switch toperipheral shelf transport interfaces to accommodate multiple transportmedia, including copper and optic fibers, (6) a packet signalingmechanism which can provide aggregated channels for 16, 32 and 64Kbits/s signaling channels and (7) a system to uniquely and consistentlyidentify processors on a bus which do not provide relative positioninformation (i.e. slot number).

(1) Large Capacity Non-blocking Switching Architecture--Provides in themanner explained herein after, for a switching timeslot to exist for allperipheral timeslots simultaneously. In a preferred embodiment 10,240timeslots are provided to accommodate over 9,000 peripheral ports. Thisfeature is made possible by the introduction of the Matrix SwitchingUnits (MXU) which replaces the TSU/SSU combination of the conventionalswitch.

(2) Universal Shelf Architecture--The improved system can simultaneouslyaccommodate different types of peripheral shelves (e.g., octal and hexshelves) of different sizes. This feature is effected by the provisionof the PSLIs on the peripheral shelves and their corresponding PIUs onthe MXU shelves and the provision of dynamic shelf mapping of portgroups from the input shelf descriptions. By creating logical datastructures to support shelf groupings, the software can manage bothco-located and remote shelves.

(3) Universal Timeslot Structure--All timeslots are made equivalent,thereby permitting any timeslot to be used as a peripheral, conferenceor tone timeslot. This is contrasted with the conventional system inwhich tone and conference addresses are dedicated to specific timeslots.In other words, the improved integrated network switch described hereineliminate the fixed mapping of the conventional switch and insteadpermits any tone or conference port to go to any MXU. This isaccomplished by embedding the tone and conference functions on the MXUcards. As a result, no port is assigned to a tone or conferencefunction, and therefore all ports are available as telepony ports. Whena tone or conference function is needed, it is obtained from the MXUcard directly, eliminating the need for a port to connect to theconventional tone generator or conference circuitry.

(4) Full-frame, Half-frame Switching--The system supports simultaneoususe of both full and half frame switching. Full frame switchingguarantees frame coherency for NX64 connections. Half frame switchingyields minimum loop delays.

(5) Flexible Switch to Peripheral Transport--The system design permitsthe time switch to peripheral transport to embrace multiple forms oftechnologies without alteration of the baseline switch architecture.Point-to-point copper UTP interface suitable for 75 foot equipment radiimay be used as well as a fiber optic loop with much expanded equipmentradii. The transport is also compatible with other interfaces such asDS3/E3, OCI, and 45/50 Mbits/s ATM.

(6) Improved SPT Packet Signaling--A packet signaling channel is pairedin the manner described below, with each switching timeslot. A separateinput, and output 8 Kbits/s serial channel exists for every timeslot inthe system. Additionally, 2, 4, or 8 channels may be aggregated togetherto form 16, 32, or 64 Kbits/s channels.

(7) Processor Identification--The system permits processors on a commonbus which does not provide relative position information (i.e. slotnumber) to be identified. The system allows for dynamic reallocation ofa process's identification based on a consistent pattern. This allowsprocessor boards to be removed and added to the bus without hard codedconfiguration and also facilitates the universal timeslot feature.Further, where multiple processors are provided, and one or more fail orare removed, the system allows for the remaining processors tocompensate for the missing processors on a subsequent initialization.The unique identification of each processor allows for simpledistribution of tasks between the processors.

Increased Capacity Switch--Hardware Architecture

FIG. 5 illustrates the block diagram of a preferred embodiment of anintegrated network switch of the present invention. Like elements inFIGS. 1-4 and FIG. 5 are designated with common reference numerals.Peripheral cards 51 are connected to port group buses 52 which arecombined to form port group cables 54 by etches in the peripheralbackplan. Each port group cable is connected to a Peripheral Shelf LinkInterface Unit (PSLI) 55 providing flexibility in the transport mediumand facilitating universal shelf architecture. Each PSLI interfaces overa selected medium with a matching Peripheral Interface Unit (PIU) 56,located at the common controller. Suitable transport media include, butare not limited to, Cu UTP and fiber optic cables.

Universal Shelf Architecture

The PSLI 55 not only facilitates flexibility in the transport medium,but also provides a 64 port drop insert capability, a redundant loopcapability, and full compatibility with the conventional telephonyinterface unit card shelves discussed above.

FIG. 6 is a more detailed illustration of one configuration of theintegrated network switch hardware. It is to be understood that the PSLIinterfaces to the telephony shelves, with the total number of ports on ashelf being a multiple of 64. For example, the system is compatible withtelephony shelves containing 192 ports (3×64), the arrangement of theconventional telephony shelf described above.

Different versions of the PSLI may be provided for different transportmedia. Thus, a version for copper and a version for fiber optic cablemay be provided, and multiple versions can be provided in one switch.That is, the switch can accommodate multiple different transport media.

Regardless of the version, the PSLI of the embodiment disclosed herein,connects up to 512 ports to a corresponding PIU, and may reside locallyon the shelves to which it is connected. One version, for example, thefiber optic version, has the added capability of selectively connectingfewer that 512 ports in 64 port increments and also possessing thecapability of being located remote from the shelves with which it isconnected. Fiber PSLI's may be multiplexed to a single fiber. At presentup to eight fiber PSLI's may be multiplexed to one fiber optic cable.

Thus, port groupings of 64 ports each, each assigned to a cable, aredesignated, 8 such port groupings being assigned a common PSLI, as shownin FIG. 5. That is, each PSLI can receive 8 port group cables, eachcable carrying signals for 64 ports. In other words, each port groupcable of the present invention corresponds to two port group buses ofthe conventional switch.

Referring again to FIG. 6, assume a telephony shelf 61 containing 128telephony interface units, on 16 cards each containing 8 telephonyinterface units. Each shelf would be associated with two port groupcables 62 (64×2), and up to four such shelves could be associated withthe PSLI 63.

The output of PSLI 63 consisting of 2 buses, a transmit bus 64 and areceive bus 65, is connected with a corresponding PIU 67. As will beexplained, the PSLI converts the serial input signals at the 2 Mhz rateto 8 bit parallel signals transmitted at the 8 Mhz rate.

The PIUs may be arranged in pairs. That is, two PIUs (PIU A and PIU B)may be provided on a single-board 68, each for receiving signalsassociated with 512 ports. Each PIU pair 68 is connected to a MatrixSwitching Unit (MXU) 69, replacing the conventional Telephony ControlUnit (TCU).

In one embodiment, each MXU functions for 1024 ports. In such anembodiment, ten MXUs would be provided for 10,240 ports. A first MXU 69₁for ports 0-1023 may be arranged for conference and tone ports. In suchan embodiment there may be 256 tones and 768 conference ports. MXU 69₂would then accommodate ports 1024-2047, each successive MXU the next1024 ports, with the tenth MXU 69₁₀ accommodating ports 9216-10,239, asillustrated in FIG. 6.

The MXUs are located in the common control with each operating todictate the switching of 1024 timeslots. With 1024 tone and conferenceports, the system of this example will support 9,216 telephony ports.

Like the MXUs, the PIUs are located in the common control. As abovementioned each PIU functions as an interface between an MXU and twoPSLIs. As with the PSLIs, there may be multiple versions of the PIU,based on the transport medium. Thus, there would be a copper version forsystems using copper cable as the transport medium and a fiber opticversion for systems using fiber optic as the transport medium. However,since pairs of PIUs (PIU A & PIU B) are mated, one to one with acorresponding MXU, a single MXU can not have both copper and fiber PIUsconnected to it.

In the case where a fiber optic transport medium is used, since eachPSLI can selectively service as few as 64 ports, a single PIU can haveup to 8 PSLIs connected to it.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a telephony shelves/PSLI/PSI/MXUarrangement where a PSLI serves multiple, different type shelves.Specifically, PSLI 71 serves two "J" (i.e., octal) shelves 72, 73 and apart of an "H" (i.e., hex) shelf 74. The balance of the "H" shelf issupported by another PSLI 75. It is to be noted that the "J" shelves canbe "J" shelves operable with the conventional integrated network switchdescribed above. Thus, each of the "J" shelves consists of 192 telephonyinterface units contained on 24 boards, each board carrying 8 telephonyinterface units. The "H" shelf contains 384 telephony interface units,that is, double the units contained on the "J" shelves.

As shown in FIG. 7 since the PSLI can accommodate only 512 ports and thetwo "J" shelves represent 384 ports, only 128 ports of the "H" shelf canbe accepted by the PSLI 71. Therefore, the PSLI 75 will receive theremaining 256 ports of the "H" shelf 74.

The arrangement of FIG. 7 is useful when the shelves are collocated andcopper PSLI-PIUs with a copper transport medium therebetween is used.However, while possible, the configuration of FIG. 7 is not efficientwhen using fiber optic cable, due to the cost of routing two fiber opticcables to the same remote site.

FIG. 8 illustrates how the PSLI/PIU concept of the invention permitsseveral small numbers of ports to be drop inserted at remote locationswhile using a single loop to the common control shelf. That is, a singleloop, e.g., a single fiber loop has been distributed to 3 sites 81, 82,83 remote from the common control using 3 PSLIs 84, 85, 86. This is madepossible because each PSLI can selectively filter which ports itsupports on a loop through bit switches on the card.

More specifically, for the arrangement being described, there areprovided 8 bit switches (not shown) on the PSLI card which allow thePSLI to filter down to a resolution of 64 ports on 64 port boundaries.In FIG. 8, a first PSLI at remote site A, 81, is using the first 4 portgroup cables, each corresponding to 64 ports to support a "J" shelf andpart of an "H" shelf. Thus the PSLI 84 is configured to only filter outtimeslot information for the first four port cables (i.e., timeslots0-255) by having the first four bit switches set to "1". The second PSLI85 at remote location B, 82, is using only one port group cable tosupport an "H" shelf with only 64 ports active on the shelf. A singlebit switch in the fifth position filters out timeslots 256-319 for the64 ports active at remote site B.

A third PSLI 86 at remote site C supports 128 ports and therefore two 64channel port group cables are needed. Therefore bit switch positions 6and 7 are set to "1" to filter out the 128 timeslots between 320-447.

It is to be noted that 64 additional ports can be accommodated. Sincethe PSLIs do not have to filter contiguous ports, the unallocated portscan be later assigned to any of the remote sites A-C or to an additionalremote site. For example, if an additional 64 port shelf were lateradded to site A, the shelf could be connected to the PSLI alreadyassociated with the site, and the last, that is the 8th, bit switchwould be set to "1" to support that added shelf.

The PSLI--Detailed Description

A block diagram of a PSLI for copper transport medium is illustrated inFIG. 9. The PSLI for fiber transport medium is similar. A difference isthat the PLSI circuitry interfaces with fiber optic links rather thancopper links. A similar distinction is found between PIUs for copperlinks and PIUs for fiber optics. The PSLI mounts in existing racks.External connections include 8 Port Group Buffer interfaces 900 (witheither redundant or non-redundant port group buffer cabling), 1 Powerand Alarm interface, a 25 pair cable high speed link 905 to the PIU, adebug connector and a power supply connect. Two PSLI cards connect to asingle PIU through the 25 twisted-pair peripheral link cable 905(P-Link). Each P-Link cable carries PCM and signaling information for512 peripheral ports. Additionally, a P-Link transports link maintenanceand cabinet Power and Alarm (PAB) overhead data. All high speed signalsare differential and balanced.

PSLIs are arranged in a point-to-point topology. Each PSLI transports512 ports of full duplex PCM and Signaling between eight port groupinterfaces and its associated PIU card. A single PIU interfaces with twoPSLIs for a total of 1024 ports. Due to the 1 to 4 ratio of activesignaling channels to active PCM channel and the 1 to 16 ratio of activeoverhead channels to active PCM channel, the active slots needed totransport 512 PCM slots are 672 out of 1024 total slots per Peripherallink in each direction.

The PSLI recovers timeslot and signaling information from the P-Link towhich it interfaces. The data recovery section performs peripheralreceive clock recovery, peripheral receive data recovery, and peripheralreceive data frame/superframe recovery. The receive path information isplaced in an elastic buffer. The data recovery section uses recoveredsuperframe data to locate the beginning of the buffer.

Each P-Link interface includes eight transmit and eight receive pairs.The 16 pairs of wires provide bi-directional balanced transport for 512peripheral port data and signaling channels. Additionally, Clock,Superframe sync (SSFX), and Test Sync signal pairs, and single-endedohmic connections are bi-directional.

Data on the P-Link bus is sampled on the rising edge of the PH1 clock.Data to the P-Link bus is updated on the falling edge of the PH1 clock.Maximum tolerable data skew between the on-line, and off-line shelves is±50 ns.

On P-Link A, PCM is present on even 8.192 Mhz clock cycles, withreference to SSFX, and signaling, overhead, and unused bytes appear onodd cycles. For P-Link B, PCM is present on odd clock cycles, withreference to SSFX, and signaling, overhead, and unused bytes appear oneven cycles.

Receive Channel

Basic receive synchronization is provided by PSLI clock recovery logic907. The P-Link byte clock is transported by the link and recovered tothe 8.192 Mhz basic system clock by way of a phase locked loop. Inaddition, 16 independent MODE signals, one for each port group, aregenerated from the P-Link transported superframe sync (SSFX).

The assembly buffer 904 collects byte parallel data and acts as anelastic store buffer. This buffer's write pointer is controlled by therecovered byte clock. The read pointer is synchronous with the recoveredperipheral clock. Overhead bytes specific to link maintenance are readfrom the buffer output data stream.

The PSLI diagnostic/control microcontroller accesses P-Link receivedbyte streams through a timed data buffer 98. The microcontroller loads atimeslot address register which is compared- with the timeslot counter.This mechanism controls writes to the buffer from P-Link timeslots.Buffer reads are under direct microcontroller control.

The microcontroller had read/write access to "spare" overhead bandwidthfor communication with the PIU microcontroller. Read access of receivedata in "live" PCM and signaling, and PAB data timeslots is provided fordiagnostic data monitoring functions.

The telephony peripheral bus side of each PSLI is driven from a masterPLL recovered clock. The PLL locks to the 8.192 Mhz. byte clock, andSuperframe sync signal (SSFX) of the P-Link.

After a switch over, the phase of SSFX and PSLI telephony sync can bemisaligned. This may occur when the redundant links have different pathlengths. The PLL will correct phase alignment of SSFX and PSLI telephonysync with no more than 10 ppm frequency deviation from the byte clock.Differential cable length will be limited to 10 feet resulting in amaximum time differential of 15 Ns. Realignment is guaranteed to occurless than 1 second after a switch over.

The PLL output drives a telephony peripheral bus counter with generatesCLOCK, SYNC, FRAME, MODE AND OH (overhead) timing for each port group.

Data from the receive assembly buffer 904 feeds six latched input shiftregisters 903; four PCM, one signaling, and one overhead/PAB. Each PCMand signaling shift register sources a single bit line of the receiveinterleave formatter. Output from the overhead/PAB register drives thePAB output directly.

The receive interleave formatter 902 converts 4 PCM octets and 1signaling octet, into five separate bit interleaved links. This 5 bitmemory is 64 bits effective depths; two pages, 32 bit each.

Interleaved PCM from the four PCM receive interleave formatter lines isde-multiplexed into sixteen addressable latches 901, one for each PCMRbus. Data from the one signaling data line is de-multiplexed to sixteenaddressable latches, one for each SIGR bus.

Transmit Channel

PCM data from the sixteen PCMX 90 lines source four each, 4:1multiplexers 93. These multiplexers feed the Channel Format Memory 90.The sixteen signaling lines multiplex through two layers 93, 95 of 4:1multiplexers to compress the stream. The first multiplexer layer 93combines for 2.048 Mhz streams into a single 8.192 Mhz path. The secondlayer 95 eliminates transport of the twelve unused signaling frames.The-resulting line inputs to the Channel Format Memory 90.

Data from the transmit PCM and signaling multiplexers sources five linesof the Channel Format Memory. Every byte clock, 4 bits of PCM and 1 bitof signaling from 4 ports are written into the Channel Format Memory.This is repeated 32 times for every four ports for a total of 256accesses per frame. The buffer acts as five 64 bit serial memories. Bitinterleaved data input, is read out as byte interleaved data. Eightconsecutive reads from 8 different location are required to construct abyte to the transmit serial-to-parallel converters 92. A total of 1024reads are required every frame.

The MODE signal is shifted by one frame for each port group. Thisresults in an even interleave of signaling information at the MXU.

The transmit serial to parallel converters 92 consist of latched outputshift registers, sourced by the transmit Channel Format Memory. Paralleldata is then written to the appropriate locations of the transmitassembly buffer.

The PSLI diagnostic/control microcontroller 97 access P-Link transmitstreams through a timed data buffer 96. As in the receive path, themicrocontroller loads a timeslot address register which is compared withthe timeslot counter at 91. This mechanism controls reads from thebuffer to the P-Link timeslot. Buffer writes are under directmicrocontroller control.

The microcontroller had read/write to "spare" overhead bandwidth forcommunication with the PIU microcontroller. Read access of receive datain "live" PCM and signaling, and PAB data timeslots is provided fordiagnostic data monitoring functions.

The data sequence is based on a 2 ms superframe. Each superframecontains 16 PCM byte samples and 4 signaling byte for each of 512 portsin the peripheral link. Additionally, 1×512 overhead bytes aretransported in a superframe. This is broken down in to 16 125 μs frameswhich contain 512 single PCM byte samples, one per port, 128 signalingbytes, and 32 overhead bytes. The frame is further divided into 32timeslot blocks of 32 bytes each. These blocks contain 16 PCM bytesamples, 4 signaling bytes, one overhead byte, and 11 unused bytes. Thetiming is arranged such that every other byte contains PCM samples.

The PSLI interfaces to the peripheral shelf through up to eight PortGroup Buffers. Port Group Buffer cables connect to 20 pin 0.1" spacing,dual row, ribbon cable connectors.

The PIU--Detailed Description

A block diagram of a PIU for copper transport medium is illustrated inFIG. 10. The PIU for copper twisted pair transport medium will now beexplained.

The PIU conforms to the mechanical height specifications as a singleslot Telephony Controller Bus (TCB) assembly. It inserts from the backside of the card cage into any one of ten PIU card slots. It has two 160pin DIN backplane connectors, and two 50 pin high speed peripheral link(P-Link) connectors.

The PIU receives 1024 PCM byte samples from the MXU every frame anddistributes 512 of these samples via Peripheral Link A (P-Link A) toPSLI A and the other 512 samples via Peripheral Link B to PSLI B. ThePIU also receives 1024 sports of signaling and overhead data from theMXU every superframe, interleaved with the PCM sample onto P-Link A andP-Link B. Overhead data includes Power Alarm Board (PAB) cabinetcontrol/status information, as well as P-Link maintenance and acommunication channel to the PIU microcontroller. Signaling transfer oneach P-Link is such that when PCM is seen at the P-Link A interface,signaling and link data is seen at the P-Link B interface and viceversa. In addition, the PIU provides a symmetric PCM/signaling crossoverpath with the other PIU in the redundant telephony controller shelf.

The PIU transfers 1024 PCM byte samples every frame ot the MXU. PSLI Aand PSLI B each provide 512 of the 1024 PCM samples. PCM from both PSLIsis presented to the MXU on a single, byte wide path for distribution onthe Telephony Controller's PCM Highway. The PIU also transfers 1024ports of signaling and overhead data to the MXU each superframe. PSLI Ainterleaves the signaling and overhead data for ports 0-511 with the PCMbyte samples and PSLI B provides it for ports 512-1023. The MXU makessignaling and overhead accessible over the TC Bus. Data/clock recovery,data buffering and a symmetric PCM/Signaling crossover path with theredundant shelf is built into the backplane interface.

The PIU recovers timeslot and signaling information from the P-Link towhich it interfaces. The data recovery section performs peripheraltransmit clock recovery, peripheral transmit data recovery, andperipheral transmit data frame/superframe recovery. The transmit pathinformation is placed in an elastic buffer. The data recovery sectionuses recovered superframe data to locate the beginning of the buffer.PIUs interface locally to an MXU card.

Each P-Link interface includes eight transmit and eight receive pairs.The 16 pairs of wires provide bi-directional balanced transport 512peripheral port data and signaling channels. Additionally, Clock,Superframe sync (SSFX), and Test Sign signal pairs, and single-endedohmic connections are bi-directional.

Data on the P-Link bus is sampled on the rising edge of the PH1 clocksupplied by a BTU through the MXU. Data to the P-Link bus is updated onthe falling edge of the PH1 clock. Maximum tolerable data skew betweenthe on-line, and off-line shelves is ±50 ns.

On P-Link A, PCM is present on even 8.192 Mhz clock cycles, withreference to SSFX, and signaling, overhead, and unused bytes appear onodd cycles. For P-Link B, PCM is present on odd clock cycles, withreference to SSFX, and signaling, overhead, and unused bytes appear oneven cycles.

Output PCM and signaling is received from the MXU for each of theperipheral PCM timeslot ports, 0-1023; PCM appears on PCMRCV, signalingon SIGRCV. The PIU directs PCM and signaling for timeslots 0-511 toP-Link A; PCM and signaling for 512-1023 to P-Link B.

PCM and signaling/overhead data from the MXU is received on fourseparate byte-wide data paths; once PCMRCV and one SIGRCV from the MXUon the same shelf, one PCMRCV and one SIGRCV from the MXU on theredundant shelf. Data is timed from the Telephony Controller clock PH1and is framed by the synchronous superframe signal, SSFX. All data issampled on the rising edge of PH1 clock.

In a redundant system configuration, the PIU is capable of receiving PCMand signaling data form one of two MXUs on redundant TelephonyController shelves through a crossover data path. This path is embeddedin the Telephony Controller backplane and is driven by open collectorlogic. Both PIUSs pass receive data from the active shelf towardredundant PSLIs. All four transmit data P-Links, both A and B from bothactive and standby shelves, are enabled. Of the two redundant PIUs, onlyone set of transmit drivers is active. Of the two redundant pairs ofPSLIs, only one pair of receive drivers is active. The active set isselected by PIU/PSLI arbitration logic.

Receive PCM and signaling/overhead paths are multiplexed by multiplexers1024 onto two P-Link paths. Each resulting path contains Pcm samples,signaling, and overhead associated with 512 peripheral ports and theirtransport P-Link. P-Link A contains data for ports 0-511; P-Link Btransports port 512-1023 data.

The PIU diagnostic/control microcontroller accesses each P-Link receivebyte streams through two independently controlled data buffers. Themicrocontroller has read/write access to overhead bandwidth forcommunication with a Common Control via a TC Bus, the PIUmicrocontroller can also communicate with the microcontrollers at eachPSLI. Read access of receive data in "live" PCM and signaling timeslotsis provided for diagnostic data monitoring functions.

Receive data for each P-Link may be latched by latches 1022 and drivenover IEEE 488 type balanced differential drivers 1020. Driver powersupplies are AC isolated from-Telephony Controller shelf power to reduceEMI emissions.

Transmit Pcm signaling data from the two peripheral interfaces, P-Link Aand P-Link B, is multiplexed onto the PCMXMT and SIGXMT busses. The PIUreceives PCM and signaling for timeslots 0-511 from P-Link A; PCM andsignaling for 512-1023 from P-Link B. PCMXMT and SIGXMT drivers for theMXU on the same shelf are always enabled. PCMXMT and SIGXMT drivers forthe redundant crossover bus are enabled only on the active PIU.

Each P-Link is connected to a small, eight clock, link synchronizationbuffer 1010. These buffers serve to time align P-Link data for an errorof up to four clocks between links. The time corrected PCM and signalingdata from each link is separated by type in a demultiplexer 1040 andrecombined to form one 1024 port per frame Pcm stream and one 1024 portper superframe signaling and overhead stream.

The PIU diagnostic/control microcontroller accesses each P-Link transmitbyte streams through two independently controlled data buffers. Themicrocontroller has read/write access to overhead bandwidth forcommunication with the Common Control via the TC Bus, as well asmicrocontrollers at each PSLI. Read access of receive data in "live" PCMand signaling timeslots is provided for diagnostic data monitoringfunctions.

Thus, transmit PCM and signaling/overhead data from each of the twoP-Links pats is de-multiplexed onto two paths. One path contains 1024PCM samples per frame from both P-Links, the other; signaling, andoverhead associated with 512 peripheral ports and their transportP-Link.

The PIU can perform two frame synchronization buffer functions 1012,1014; one for transmit PCM and a second for transmit signaling andoverhead. The Pcm sync buffer 1012 is one frame deep. The signaling syncbuffer 1014 is one superframe in depth. The buffers, combined with thelink synchronization buffers, compensate for any peripheral shelf looppropagation delays.

The frame sync buffer input pointer (peripheral transmit interface side)is resynchronized by superframe synchronization which is recovered fromthe peripheral link using the clock/frame recovery lock 1018 andtimeslot counter 1016. The output pointer is locked to system timingderived from an MXU-generated SSFX superframe sync signal.

The active PIU drives crossover connections to the MXU on the redundantcrossover PCMX and SIGX paths at a time, but concurrent access may occurwithout damage to either PIU. Each PIU drives its own PCMXMT and SIGXMTpath to its local MXU. The PIU incorporates crossover bus enable logic.The active PIU enables open collector drivers that drive both PCMXMT andSIGNXMT onto the redundant crossover bus.

Separate PCM and signaling/overhead data paths are presented in bytewide format from the Frame Synchronization memories on each PIU to itsMXU. Also the active PIU drives the shared/redundant crossover bus tothe MXU in the redundant shelf. All data is updated on the rising edgeof PH2 clock, the Telephony Controller 8.192 Mhz clock.

A redundant peripheral link consists of two PIUs and four PSLIs.Arbitration logic 1028 resident on each PIU selects which P-Link pair isactively driving the Port Group interfaces. Common Control equipmentactivates one of the two PIUs.

A pair of embedded microcontrollers, resident on the PIU and PSLI,perform dynamic signal analysis to verify the integrity of each P-Link.In addition, ohmic connections detect unplugged cables. In the redundantconfiguration, the PSLI resident microcontrollers communicate anarbitration protocol over the PSLI Arbitration Control channel. Theredundant arrangement is such that failure of a link can be routedaround the faulty media, or peripheral shelf line interface, through thePIU in a redundant chassis. PIUs are independently redundant. Failure ofa PIU does not dictate a shelf switchover to maintain operation.

The PIU on the active Telephony Control shelf always has priority inlink activity. A link switchover will occur for any of three reasons; alink failure on either P-Link connected to the PIU, a manual push buttonlink switchover request at the PIU or one of its PSLIs, or a softwaregenerated link switchover request. After a link switchover, the inactivePIU on the active Telephony Control shelf will return to active on thenext error to valid transition or push button request.

The microcontroller, by way of a latch, inserts a test byte into apredetermined outgoing overhead timeslot on each P-Link. Thecorresponding PSLI on each link returns the byte in the same timeslot onthe return path. At the PIU transmit interface, a latch captures thetest byte for comparison. The microcontroller informs the Common controlof link status through the TCB Bus.

The PIU may contain LED indicators; two for common PIU functions; andone for each of two P-Links. Mounted on the user accessible edge of thecard, these LEDs indicate status of each PIU and P-Link for maintenanceoperations such as PIU or P-Link cable replacement.

    ______________________________________                                        Description                                                                              Color    Function                                                  ______________________________________                                        PIU Power  Green    Confirms that the PIU is powered                          PIU active Green    Indicates this PIU is actively                                                communicating over both P-Links to                                            PSLIs. Mounted near the P-Link                                                connectors.                                               P-Link A   Red      Indicates an error on P-Link A. In a                      failure             redundant configuration, such an error                                        causes a PIU switchover. Generates an                                         alarm to the Common Control. Mounted                                          near the P-Link A connector                               P-Link B   Red      Indicates an error on P-Link B. In a                      failure             redundant configuration, such an error                                        causes a PIU switchover. Generates an                                         alarm to the Common Control. Mounted                                          near the P-Link A connector                               ______________________________________                                    

A user accessible P-Link disable control may be provided. This pushbutton switch 1044 posts a link disable request to the PIUmicrocontroller 1030. If a redundant link is available, this requestwill cause a controlled, or "soft", link switchover. The success of aP-Link disable request can be verified by the indication of the linkstatus LEDs. After a switchover has taken place, the inactive PIU willbe in a "wait for valid" state. In this state, the PIU will remainoff-line until its operating state changes, which may happen for exampleif a P-Link is disconnected, and then returns to a valid operating mode.A debounce timer will not allow an exit from the "wait for valid" untila predetermined time.

The system software has access to one Link Control byte for each PIU.PIU Link Control functions affect all connected PSLIs. The Link Controlregister allows the software to generate a switchover request and forcea PIU/PSLI microcontroller reset.

MXU Interface

    ______________________________________                                        PCMXMT:      peripheral port PCM to the MXU                                   SIGXMT:      peripheral port signaling, and link data                                      to the MXU                                                       Redundant PCMXMT:                                                                          peripheral port PCM to both MXUs                                 Redundant SIGXMT:                                                                          peripheral port signaling, and link data                                      to both MXUs                                                     PCMRCV:      MXU PCM to peripheral ports                                      SIGRCV:      MXU signaling, and link data to peripheral                                    shelves                                                          Redundant PCMRCV:                                                                          MXU PCM to both PIUs & data to peripheral                                     shelves                                                          Redundant SIGRCV:                                                                          MXU signaling to both PIUs & data to                                          peripheral shelves                                               Arbitration bus:                                                                           Communications between the two PIUs                              PH1:         Telephony Controller clock 8.192 Mhz                             ______________________________________                                    

P-Link Interface

The P-Link consists of 50 wires arranged as 25 pairs. The pairs areassigned as follows:

    ______________________________________                                        1-8              RCV Data                                                      9               RCV 8.192 Mhz Clk                                            10               RCV Frame Sync                                               11-18            XMT Data                                                     19               XXT 8.192 Mhz Clk                                            20               XMT Frame Sync                                               21               RCV Test Slot Sync                                           22               XMT Test Slot Sync                                           23               Ohmic Link Continuity                                        24               Signal Ground                                                25               Frame Ground                                                 ______________________________________                                    

Signaling Memory

Each PSLI transports four bytes of signaling information to the PIU, andfour bytes from the PIU, for each of the 512 P-Link ports on everysuperframe. A total of 1024 ports of full-duplex signaling is combinedat each PIU.

All signaling to and from the PIU is stored in the MXU. The MXUreformats the signaling data for presentation to a BTU/VSU which furthertranslates apparent data locations.

Shelf Mapping to Facilitate Universal Shelf Architecture

A feature of the integrated network switch disclosed herein is theflexible shelf map arrangement. The shelf map is the logicalrepresentation of what type of telephony shelves are included with aswitch in addition to how the telephony shelves are connected to theswitch. Unlike the conventional integrated network switch where theshelf map is fixed and determined at the factory, the system hereindescribed permits the user to configure the shelf map.

While some telephone switches offer a "universal port architecture" inwhich an peripheral slot will support multiple types of peripheralcards, the integrated circuit network switch associated hereinintroduces a new concept which allows the switch administrator canconfigure a "universal shelf architecture". This means that theadministrator can configure his switch to support multiple types of hexand octal telephony shelves, thus allowing for flexible configurationand expansion. The design supports all type of hex and octal telephonyshelves (even those not yet conceived) which are connected to the commoncontrol through port group cables.

The algorithms and data structures used to describe the telephony shelfmap allow the administrator to configure the location and type ofconnectivity (fiber for remote shelves and copper for co-locatedshelves) for each shelf. In addition, the number of ports that will besupported may also be configured. This capability allows customers topartition telephony ports among the shelves in multiples of 64 ports(the number of ports in a single cable).

The value of this invention is its level of flexibility and allowancefor future growth. Customers can install a 192-port shelf and configureanywhere from 64 ports to 192 ports on that shelf. If a customer choosesto leave some slots on the shelf unconfigured (for example, at a remotesite), he can. By not forcing a full configuration, this software allowsthe user to route his remaining physical ports to other shelves in hissystem. This architecture will also allow the customer to add additionalports to his shelves at a later time.

The flexible configuration is accomplished by dynamically creating a mapof port groups from the input shelf descriptions. By creating logicaldata structures to support shelf groupings, the software can manage bothco-located and remote shelves.

The shelf map is the logical representation of what type of telephonyshelves are includes with a switch in addition to how the telephonyshelves are connected to the switch.

The following requirements were considered in designing the new shelfmap:

The continued shelf configuration must continue to be supported forconventional peripheral cards such as in the "M", "L" and 19" Rackswitches. All types of shelves must be supported by the switch. Thisincludes shelves used by the "M", "L" and 19" Rack shelves. Drop/Add ofshelves must be supported. This allows the customer to remote shelvesand specify that only a few or all ports are to be assigned on eachshelf (in 64 port increments).

The new shelf map must ultimately be configurable by the user. This isnecessary to allow the customer to move the location of shelfindependently. The eventual introduction of the 2048 timeslot MXU (andother common control hardware enhancements such as DS3 and ATM cards)must not impact the basic shelf map design. The capability ofconfiguring a single MXU as mixed tone, conference and telephony portsmust be allowed for.

The following assumptions were made when designing the new shelf map:

The shelf map is closely tied to the physical hardware of the switch.Therefore, the way shelves are managed for the "M", "L" and 19" Rackswitches is not being changed. The shelf map for the switch is notpurchasable. This is necessary to allow for the customer to configureshelf locations "on-the-fly". Instead, the customer purchases somenumber of Matrix Switching (MXU) cards per common control shelf. Thetotal number of ports on a shelf is always some multiple 64. Shelfnumbers are limited to 99. This allows for extreme flexibility forspecifying remote shelves without changing the current sh-sl-ci(shelf-slot-circuit) format.

It is necessary to understand the possible hardware setups of theimproved switch in order to understand what flexibility is necessary inthe shelf map. The hardware which the shelf map is most concerned aboutincludes the MXU, Peripheral Interface Unit (PIU) and Peripheral ShelfLine Interface (PSLI) cards. An example of an MXU/PIU/PSLI arrangementis shown in FIG. 5 discussed above.

MXUs are located in the common control with each dictating the switchingof 1,024 timeslots. There maybe 10 MXUs in the switch. If desired, thefirst MXU configured entirely for conference and tone port usage,although this is not necessary. The remaining 9 MXUs would be used fortelephony switching, yielding 9,216 maximum telephone ports in theswitch.

Directly connected to each MXU are two PIUs, each at which services 512timeslots. PIUs are located in the common control, functioning as aninterface between the MXU and one or more PSLIs. Pairs of PIUs areconstructed as one card, so PIU cards are mated one-to-one with MXUcards. At present, PIUs come in copper and fiber. The copper version isused to connect to PSLIs which are local to the common control shelveswhile the fiber version is used to connect to PSLIs located far awayfrom the common control shelves. Since pairs of PIUs are matedone-to-one with MXUs, a single MXU cannot have both copper and fiberPIUs connected to it.

The PSLI interfaces between the PIU and the telephony shelvesthemselves. Like the PIU, PSLIs have both copper and fiber versions, butthey always reside locally on the shelves to which they are connected.Both the copper and fiber versions of a single PSLI have the capabilityof connecting all 512 ports that they service to telephony shelves, butthe fiber version has the additional capability of selectively servicingfewer than 512 ports in 64 port increments (on 64 port boundaries) asshown in FIG. 6 discussed above. Since each PIU supports 512 ports andeach fiber PSLI can selectively service as few as 64 ports, a single PIUcan have up to 8 PSLIs connected to it (512/64=8).

From the point of view of a configuration editor, the MXU-PIU-PSLIcombination is similar to the Telephony Switching Unit/SecondarySwitching Unit (TSU/SSU) pairs used with the conventional switch. Likethe TSU/SSUs, shelves on the inventive switch are allowed to be servicedto multiple PSLIs.

As shown in FIG. 7, discussed above, the first PSLI is supporting two"J" shelves and part of an "H" shelf. The rest of the "H" shelf is beingsupported by a second PSLI. This configuration would be typical forshelves which are co-located with the common control using copperPIU-PSLIs. Such a configuration using fiber PIU-PSLIs is possible butimpractical due to the cost of routing two fiber cables to the sameremote site.

Another, but not only additional configuration possible involves asingle fiber loop which has several small numbers of ports "dropped" atremote locations, as shown in FIG. 8. Note that in FIG. 8, a singlefiber loop is distributed to 3 sites using 3 PSLIs. This is possiblebecause each fiber PSLI can selectively filter which ports it supportson a loop through bit switches on the card. There are 8-bit switches onthe PSLI which allow the PSLI to filter down to a resolution of 64 portson 64 port boundaries. In FIG. 8, the first PSLI at site "A" is usingthe first 64-port port cables to support a "J" shelf and a partial "H"shelf. The PSLI is configured to only filter out timeslot informationfor the first 4 port cables by having the first 4-bit switches on. Thesecond PSLI at site "B" is using only one port cable to support its "H"shelf with only 64 ports active on the shelf. A single bit switch givesit all the ports it needs. The third PSLI at site "C" needs 2 portcables to support its 128-port "J". Note that none of the PSLIs has thelast bit switch on--these ports are unallocated and can be used later atany of the remote sites or on another PSLI at another site. Also notethat the PSLIs do not have to filter contiguous parts. For instance, ifa 64-port "J" were added later to site "A", the shelf could be connectedto the PSLI already at that site and the last bit switch would be turnedon to support the shelf.

The editor can view all of the shelf configurations all in the same way.The editor considers shelves which are co-located to be in Shelf Groups.If the editor knows which shelves are co-located, it can allow a singleshelf to span PIU boundaries without concern that a shelf assigned afterthis shelf may need to be at a remote site. To make configurationeasier, two types of shelf groups are defined: copper shelf groups andfiber shelf groups. How shelf groups are managed is defined below basedon the following rules which apply to shelf groups:

Shelf groups must begin on even PIU boundaries.

Fiber and copper PIUs cannot be in the same shelf groups (shelf groupsin homogeneous).

Shelf numbers 1 and 2 may be reserved for the common control shelves.

The first part configuring the shelf map is to specify whether the MXUsare connected to fiber PIUs or copper PIUs. The user must do someplanning ahead of how many shelves will be local to the common controlarea and how many will be remote. The user specifies MXU type in Table Iabove.

Note that MXU 1 in this example is predefined as the conference and toneunit. The user must configure at least one MXU before shelf groupconfiguration can continue. The editor will later use this informationto assign shelves to the appropriate MXUs.

                  TABLE I                                                         ______________________________________                                        SHELF MAP . . . ? mxu                                                         SHELF-MXU . . . ? list                                                        MXU Number (1-10)                                                                               ALL/LONG! . . . ?                                           MXU Number       1                                                            MXU Type         1K Tone and Conference Unit                                  Comment          PRE-DEFINE                                                   MXU Number       2                                                            MXU Type         1K Telephony                                                 PIU Pair Type    COPPER                                                       Comment                                                                       MXU Number       3                                                            MXU Type         1K Telephony                                                 PIU Pair Type    COPPER                                                       Comment                                                                       MXU Number       4                                                            MXU Type         1K Telephony                                                 PIU Pair Type    COPPER                                                       Comment                                                                       MXU Number       5                                                            MXU Type         1K Tone and Conference Unit                                  Comment          PRE-DEFINE                                                   MXU Number       6                                                            MXU Type         1K Telephony                                                 PIU Pair Type    COPPER                                                       Comment                                                                       MXU Number       7                                                            MXU Type         1K Telephony                                                 PIU Pair Type    COPPER                                                       Comment                                                                       MXU Number       8                                                            MXU Type         1K Telephony                                                 PIU Pair Type    COPPER                                                       Comment                                                                       MXU Number       9                                                            MXU Type         1K Telephony                                                 PIU Pair Type    COPPER                                                       Comment                                                                       MXU Number       10                                                           MXU Type         1K Telephony                                                 PIU Pair Type    COPPER                                                       Comment                                                                       SHELF-MXU . . . ? exi                                                         SHELF-MAP . . . ? group                                                       SHELF-GROUP . . . ? list                                                      ______________________________________                                    

The copper shelf group encompasses all shelves which are co-located withthe common control. Using FIG. 17 as an example, assume that that shelfconfiguration is to be added as a copper shelf group. Assume the userhas already added the MXU information as in the previous section.

First, the user adds the shelf group:

    ______________________________________                                        SHELF . . . ? add 1                                                           TYPE . . . ? copper                                                           Command . . . ? add                                                           Shelf Type . . . ? J                                                          Number of Ports (64-192) . . . ? 192                                          Command . . . ? add                                                           Shelf Type . . . ? J                                                          Number of Ports (64-192) . . . ? 192                                          Command . . . ? add                                                           Shelf Type . . . ? H                                                          Number of Ports (64-384) . . . ? 384                                          Command . . . ? END                                                           COMMENT . . . ? Shelf group for local shelves                                 SHELF . . . ? list 1                                                          Shelf Group Number                                                                             1                                                            Shelf Group Type Copper                                                       ______________________________________                                        Shelf                                                                              Type     MXU-PIU  SLOTS # PORTS  PORT RANGE                              ______________________________________                                        03   J        02-A     01-24 192      01024-01215                             04   J        02-A     01-24 192      01216-01407                             05   H        02-A     01-08 128      01408-01535                                           02-B     09-24 256      01536-01791                             --   --       02-B     --    256      01792-02047                             ______________________________________                                        Comment          Shelf Group for local shelves                                ______________________________________                                    

What the above illustrates is that after the user entered theinformation for the first shelf, the editor found that shelf 3 wasunallocated and assigned #3 as the shelf number (note the editordetermines shelf number assignment). Next, the editor found it had notcopper PIUs already assigned to this group. Using the MXU configurationdata, the editor allocated the first free copper PIU (on MXU 2, PIU A)and assigned the new shelf to it. Like shelf numbers, the editordetermines which MXU and PIU a shelf will be assigned to. Once thesecond shelf information was entered, the editor found it could assignthat shelf as shelf #4 and that the PIU already in the shelf group couldsupport the shelf. When the third shelf was assigned, the editor foundit could assign the shelf as shelf #5, but that only 128 ports could beassigned to the PIU already in the group. The editor found another freecopper PIU from the MXU configuration data and completed the shelfassignment.

Each fiber shelf group encompasses all shelves which are eitherco-located at a specific site or are wired to the same fiber loop. Thereis no reason for the editor to know when a fiber loop has been droppedat several sites (this will become more apparent in the next example).Using FIG. 8 as an example, assume that the shelf configuration is to beadded to the fiber shelf group. Assume the user has already added theappropriate MXU configuration information.

First, the user adds the shelf group:

    ______________________________________                                        SHELF . . . ? add 2                                                           TYPE . . . ? fiber                                                            Command . . . ? add                                                           Shelf Type . . . ? J                                                          Number of Ports (64-192) . . . ? 192                                          Command . . . ? add                                                           Shelf Type . . . ? H                                                          Number of Ports (64-192) . . . ? 64                                           Command . . . ? add                                                           Shelf Type . . . ? H                                                          Number of Ports (64-384) . . . ? 64                                           Command . . . ? add                                                           Shelf Type . . . ? J                                                          Number of Ports (64-384) . . . ? 128                                          Command . . . ? END                                                           COMMENT . . . ? Shelf group for remote sites A, B & C.                        SHELF . . . ? list 2                                                          Shelf Group Number                                                                           2                                                              Shelf Group Type                                                                             Fiber                                                          ______________________________________                                                    MXU-                                                              Shelf                                                                              Type   PIU     SLOTS # PORTS                                                                              PORT RANGE                                                                             PSLI Bits                           ______________________________________                                        06   J      03-A    01-24 192    02048-02239                                                                            1111xxxx                            07   H      03-A    01-04 064    02240-02303                                                                            xxxx1xxx                            08   H      03-A    01-04 064    02304-02367                                                                            xxxxx1xx                            09   J      03-A    01-16 128    02368-02495                                                                            xxxxxx1x                            --   --     03-A    --    064    02496-02623                                  ______________________________________                                        Comment        Shelf Group for remote sites A, B & C.                         ______________________________________                                    

Note that the configuration of the fiber shelf group was just like theconfiguration of the copper shelf group. The difference is that theeditor knew what type of PIUs to select (fiber) and the editor alsospecified the PSLI bits which must be turned on so the use would knowwhich shelves went with which PSLI. The editor does not really know orcare how the use has physically arranged the shelves.

Many other ways of arranging the same fiber shelf group can beconceived. To allow for maximum flexibility, the editor does not limitthe user in how the hardware is arranged. With the knowledge of shelfnumbers and PSLI bits, the user has enough information to wire shelvesas needed.

Table 2 illustrates another shelf mapping configuration. It is to benoted that since the shelf group 5 is fiber configuration searches forthe first available fiber MXU-PIU. In this example it is assumed thatMXU-PIUs 1-5 are copper interfaces. Therefore, shelf group 5 can not beassigned to any of them. MXU-PIU 6 is assumed to be a fiber interface.Thus, shelf 5 is assigned to this MXU-PIU. Shelves 6-8 are also fiberconnected. They are assigned to MXU-PIU 6 to the extend of its capacity.Thereafter, the next fibers MXU-PIU is located. In this example, it isMXU-PIU 9. Therefore, slots 5-24 of fiber shelf 8 is assigned to MXU-PIU9-A.

                  TABLE 2                                                         ______________________________________                                        Shelf Group Number   1                                                        Shelf Group Type     Copper                                                   ______________________________________                                        Shelf Type   MXU-PIU    Slots # Ports Port Cables                             ______________________________________                                        1     H      2-A        01-24 384     1,2,3,4,5,6                             ______________________________________                                        Group Comment                                                                 Shelf Group Number   2                                                        Shelf Group Type     Copper                                                   ______________________________________                                        Shelf Type   MXU-PIU    Slots # Ports Port Cables                             ______________________________________                                        2     H      2-B        01-16 256     1,2,3,4                                 ______________________________________                                        Group Comment        Piu-B                                                    Shelf Group Number   3                                                        Shelf Group Type     Copper                                                   ______________________________________                                        Shelf Type   MXU-PIU    Slots # Ports Port Cables                             ______________________________________                                        1     H      3-A        01-24 384     1,2,3,4,5,6                             ______________________________________                                        Group Comment        New MXU                                                  Shelf Group Number   4                                                        Shelf Group Type     Copper                                                   ______________________________________                                        Shelf Type   MXU-PIU    Slots # Ports Port Cables                             ______________________________________                                        4     H      3-B        01-16 256     1,2,3,4                                 ______________________________________                                        Group Comment        Try to use PIU B                                         Shelf Group Number   5                                                        Shelf Group Type     Fiber                                                    ______________________________________                                        Shelf Type   MXU-PIU    Slots # Ports Port Cables                             ______________________________________                                        5     H      6-A        01-24 384     1,2,3,4,5,6                             6     H      6-A        01-08 128     7,8                                                  6-B        09-24 256     1,2,3,4                                 7     O      6-B        01-24 192     5,6,7                                   8     H      6-B        01-04  64     8                                                    9-A        05-24 320     1,2,3,4,5                               ______________________________________                                        Group Comment        Fiber shelf group                                        SHELF-GROUP . . . ? exi                                                       ______________________________________                                    

A file, MXU.LIB stores the configuration data entered by the user whichdefines each MXU and its associated PIU type. There is one record perMXU possible. The date is stored as shown below: ##STR1##

The MXU Bits field is defined as below: ##STR2##

The MXU.LIB file is an editor-only file (call processing does not readit). When the shelf map is applied to a database, this file is copied toa file MXU.DBx (where "x" is the database selected). Although this fileis not used during the editing of a specific database, copying this fileto the database when the shelf map is applied to the database leaves away of restoring the master copy of this file if the master copy getsdestroyed. The maximum size of this file is 670 bytes.

A file, SHELF.LIB stores the shelf group information entered by theuser. Like the MXU.LIB file, this file is an editor-only file. Theheader of this file has one record for each shelf group. ##STR3##

Since each shelf group must start on an even PIU boundary and there area maximum of 20 PIUs in a switch with 10 MXUs, there is a maximum of 20possible shelf groups.

The rest of the file consists of specific shelf information in thefollowing form: ##STR4##

The fields are defined as:

Type (byte): This field indicates the type of shelf which is configuredfor this shelf number. A shelf type of 0 indicates a shelf is notassigned.

The rest of the fields are in an array of 8. This is because in theworst case, a shelf can be supported by up to 8 non-contiguous 64-portconnectors.

MXU (byte): This field indicates the MXU where the shelf resides (2-10).

PIU (byte): This field indicates the PIU on the MXU where this shelfresides (0=A", 1-"B").

Start Slot (byte): This field indicates the first slot number thisMXU-PIU combination is supporting.

# Slots(byte): This field indicates the number of slots on this shelf(starting at the start slot, number) that are contiguously supported byMXU-PIU.

Start Port (word): This field indicates the first port number which issupporting the first port of the starting slot.

# Ports (word): This field indicates the number of ports which arecontiguously supported on this shelf on this MXU-PIU.

PSLI Bits (byte): This field indicates which bits must active on thePSLI this shelf is connected to.

The port group structures of the conventional switch are sufficient tosupport the improved switch without modification (except to increase thesize of the arrays). The port group structures allow the editor to map alogical SH-SL-CI designation to its physical port. There are 5 mainstructures, know as pg₋₋ shelf, pg-first₋₋ slot, pg₋₋ backplane₋₋ type,pg₋₋ slot and plain old slot.

The first three structures have one array element per port group in aswitch. Each port group has 32 ports in it, therefore, there are 320port groups in the improved switch (10240/32=320). Note that the first32 port groups exist on MXU 1. These port groups are not terribly usefulto the editor when MXU 1 is assigned conference and tone ports. Thatleaves 288 port groups for the telephony ports.

pg₋₋ shelf

For each port group, the pg₋₋ shelf structure records what shelf numberthe port group resides on. For the old "L" switch the shelf number couldonly reach a value of 12, but for the improved switch described herein,this value can reach 99.

pg₋₋ first₋₋ slot

For each port group, the pg₋₋ first₋₋ slot structure records what slotnumber the first port in this port group supports. The improved switchhas the same slot number ranges as the "M", "L", and "19" Rack switches.

pg₋₋ backplane₋₋ type

For each port group, the pg₋₋ backplane₋₋ type structure records whattype of backplane (shelf type) this port group resides on. The improvedswitch supports all types of shelves produced for the "M", "L" and "19"Rack switches.

pg₋₋ slot

The pg₋₋ slot array contains one element for each possible slot in aswitch. Its sizing assumes the worst case possibility of every slotbeing an octal slot (10240/8=1280). The slots are in port group order,so in the worst case of octal shelves there are four slots allowed foreach port group (32/8=4). For each slot, it records whether the slot isavailable and, if not, what type of board is configured in the slot.This information is appropriate for the switch since the switch supportsthe same telephony hardware as the conventional switches describedherein before.

slot

The slot array contains one element for every possible slot in a switch,even if the slots reside in shelf which is not supported by purchasedhardware. For instance, the "L" switch has a maximum of 12 shelves with24 slots in it (12×24=288), But, if you multiply 288 slots times 8 portsper slot, you get 2304 ports. This number is high because a fullypopulated "L" switch does not use all slots in a 4 cabinet switch.

In the slot structure, slot information is arranged in shelf order (24slots for shelf 1, 24 slots for shelf 2, etc.). For each slot, the portgroup number where the slot resides on is stored. This array must beexpanded to support up to 99 shelves for the improved switch, butotherwise remains unchanged.

The shelf map may reserve shelves 1 and 2 for common control. In anon-redundant switch, shelf 1 would be the common control and shelf 3would be the first telephony shelf. This leaves room for an eventualupgrade to a redundant switch, where shelves 1 and 2 would be theredundant common control shelves and shelf 3 would still be the firsttelephony itself.

New shelf configurations applied and saved in a database require adouble simultaneous reboot. This is in line with what happens onexisting switches when a new shelf map is upgraded.

Pull-frame Or Half-frame Switching

The increased capacity integrated network switch may operate in eitherfull-frame or half-frame switching modes on a circuit by circuit basis.This permits the switch to take advantage of the shorter loop delaysinherent in half-frame switching while at the same time guaranteeingframe coherency for connections needing full frame switching, such as NX 64 (video) connections.

Half-frame switching is a switching mechanism where the average input tooutput delay is one half of a frame. Switching delay varies from zero toone frame, depending on the connection.

Full frame switching is a mechanism where the average input to outputdelay is one and one-half complete frames. Switching delay varies fromone frame to two frames depending on the connection.

The increased capacity integrated network described herein takesadvantage of each switching methodology. Thus, voice connections and thelike are normally made using half-frame connections, while NX64connections and the like are normally made using full-frame connections.Full-frame or half-frame operation is controlled on a per connectionbasis by a defined default condition of a designated bit position in aconnection control register word. The default condition is initializedby the hardware. That is to say, since the peripheral controls whetherthe full-frame or the half-frame operation is necessary, upon connectionof the peripheral to the system the default condition is set, determinedby the peripheral description.

Half-frame switching will now be discussed in greater detail. Referringto FIGS. 11A and 11B, where the arrow designates the write pointer andthe shaded area the read hemisphere, it should be apparent that in ahalf-frame configuration, sample PCM data is available to the switchoutput as soon as it arrives. In effect, the half-frame mode treats theinformation memory as though there is only one buffer space of storage,meaning storage space for only a single byte per port. Thus, when asshown in FIG. 11A the write pointer is in the A hemisphere at memorylocation A-0700, reading is going on in the address space constitutingthe hemisphere between memory locations B-0700 and A-0699, representinga frame wide buffer. In other words, the reading proceeds in the last1024 bytes stored in an MXU backward, from the current write pointerposition. In the example of FIG. 11B when the address pointer is in theB hemisphere at B-0300 the reading operation is in the hemisphere fromA-0300 to B-0299.

On the other hand, in the case of full-frame switching, there is a zeroto one frame delay from the time a given sample arrives at the switch tothe time it is available to the output of the switch. This is indicatedby the gap between the write pointer and the read hemisphere leadingedge as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B. Thus, when, as shown in FIG. 12A,the address pointer is for example at A-0700, reading will only occur inthe opposite hemisphere, meaning in the memory space storing theinformation received in the previous frame, namely in the address spaceconstituting B-0000 to B-1023. That is, the reading will not begin untila full frame of PCM data has been received. Similarly, in the example ofFIG. 12B, with the address pointer in the frame constituting theB-hemisphere, reading will not begin until the frame is completelywritten into memory, and thus reading begins in the previous framedesignated as addresses A-0000 to A-1023.

The conventional switch uses only half-frame or full-frameconfigurations. In the conventional switch above described, onlyhalf-frame switching is used. This configuration does provide shortdelay characteristics, and compensates transport and processing delayswith a skew between the information memory inputs and the connectionmemory outputs. However, it suffers the disadvantage that it can notprovide a-broad base capability.

To accomplish the broad base capability, the mixed mode operation abovedescribed is implemented. To provide the NX64 and other capabilitieswhich require full-frame operation, the integrated network switchdescribed herein has a two frame capacity. That is, there are twodedicated storage locations, each a frame in length, for the PCM datafrom each port.

Since the buffer store is capable of storing two samples per portsource, rather than one sample per port source as in a half-frame onlysystem, it is necessary to identify which stored sample is to be readbased on whether half-frame or full-frame operation is selected, whichin turn is based on the peripheral being read. Therefore the followingrule has been devised.

The source address is defined as the source of the information to beread. The write pointer is the location in memory being written into.The most significant bit of an address designates the hemisphere, thatis, the first or second frame of the two frame buffer; namely, whetherthe address is in the memory space of the first 1024 bytes (one framelength) or that of the second 1024 bytes (also one frame length). Inother words, addresses 000000000-0111111111 represent the first 1024memory locations, 0 through 1023. Address 100000000 represents memorylocation 1024 and the beginning of the second frame length buffer. Thusto flip between the first and second frame length buffers, one need onlychange the MSB. Therefore, when the source address is less than thewrite pointer, the most recent sample in the current write hemispherecan be read. To read the sample in the opposite hemisphere from thatbeing written into, one need only change the MSB of the source pointer.

Since the memory buffer is designed to store two frames and thus twosamples per source address, when half-frame operation is selected it isnecessary to select the proper, that is the most recently receivedsample which corresponds to the source address in the write hemisphere.To assure this operation the integrated network switch is constructed tooperate in accordance with the following rule.

When operating in the half-frame mode, the current value of the mostsignificant bit (MSB) of the write pointer is used as the source address(that is the source pointer is selected from the write hemisphere) whenand only when the source address without the MSB is less than the writepointer also considered without the MSB. However, when the current valueof the source address without the MSB is greater than the write pointerconsidered without the MSB then the MSB is switched.

Thus, referencing again FIG. 11A, with the write pointer at A-700, whenthe source address is between A-699 and A-0000 the current value of theMSB is used. However, with the write pointer at A-700, when the sourceaddress is between B-1023 and B-700, the MSB is switched.

Implementation of the above will now be described with reference toFIGS. 13 and 14. FIG. 13 is a simplified diagram of a time slotinterchanger according to the teaching of the invention. It contains aninformation memory 121 storing the source data from each of the ports,to be output to a designated port. It also contains a connection oraddress memory 123, storing the port-port connection data. A time slotcounter 125 is provided to provide the memories with time slotinformation.

It will be recalled that each source port occupies a fixed time slotwithin a switching frame. Each timeslot associates to a unique memoryaddress. Thus, timeslots are mapped to memory addresses and the timeslot counter is used for this purpose. Over the course of a frame, eachsource port writes to its unique address within the information memory121. The information memory is designed such that it is accessible forboth information sample writing and information sample reading, forevery port, each frame.

Likewise, each output or destination port occupies a unique timeslot.Output timeslots associate to physical addressees in the outputconnection look-up memory. The timeslot counter maps output time slotsto connection memory cells. While the information memory contains datasamples from source ports, the connection memory contains the sourceaddresses for the output ports. Over the course of a frame, theconnection memory output data is applied as addresses to the informationmemory. The connection memory entries are established by the hostcall-processor.

By way of example, let it be assumed that ports assigned to timeslots 12and 25 are to interconnected to permit communications therebetween.Thus, in timeslot 12, information from timeslots 12's port is writteninto the information memory, and the connection memory points to theinformation stored at the address mapped to timeslot 25 as the readaddress of the information memory. Similarly, at timeslot 25, theinformation from the timeslot 25's port is written into the informationmemory and the connection memory points to the information stored in theaddress mapped to timeslot 12 as the read address of the informationmemory.

Stated somewhat differently, at timeslot 12, the connection memorypresents the contents of its memory cell 12 to the information memory asthe read address. In this case it is address 25. The information memorywill thus read the contents of its memory cell 25 to the output datastream, which is occurring at the timeslot 12. At timeslot 25, theprocess is repeated, except that the connection data is now 12. In thisway, timeslot 12 receives source data from timeslot 25 and timeslot 25receives source data from timeslot 12.

As half-frame switching requires only a single memory cell in theinformation memory for each source timeslot, the memory location may beoverwritten with new data each frame and the output connections alwaysreceive the freshest data from each source. As full-frame switchingrequires at least two memory cells in the information memory for eachsource timeslot, the memory cells are grouped into two buffers pertimeslot. Information samples write to one buffer while the outputconnections read from the other buffer. At the boundary between thearrival at the input of the last timeslot in a frame and the first timeslot from the following frame, the buffers serving the input and outputdata are switched.

The effect of the full-frame switching arrangement is to present allsource data generated in a frame to the output connection mechanism as asingle indivisible unit. Consequently, where N is the number of source,and destination timeslots, the data in the switch can be considered Nchannels of 64K band width each to a single channel of NX64K bandwidthor any combination in between. This attribute is necessary forapplications which use channels that consist of multiple timeslots, andarrive from terminal equipment of differing multiplex rates. That is,the full-frame mode is used for any connection involving devices whichuse different multiplex rates and connect more than one timeslot as asingle logical identity.

As the integrated network switch of the present invention has thecapacity of operating in either the half-frame or full-frame mode,depending on the peripherals being used, the circuitry of FIG. 14 may beused to properly set the MSB of the connection address to assure readingof the most recent sample when in the half-frame mode.

The circuitry of FIG. 14 shows the interconnections between theconnection memory 123 and the information memory 121 in greater detail.One bit of each source address in the connection memory consists aoperating mode flag bit. For example, a "0" bit may designate thehalf-frame mode, while a "1" bit the full frame mode. In all, the sourceaddress may consist of 10 bits, one being the operating mode pointer.The operating mode pointer X is input to function register 131. Thefunction register also receives the output Y from a magnitude comparator133 and the MSB Z of the write address from the write pointer 135. Thefunction register provides an output F based on the following functiontable.

    ______________________________________                                        X      0     0       0   0      1   1     1   1                               Y      0     0       1   1      0   0     1   1                               Z      0     1       0   1      0   1     0   1                               F      0     1       1   0      1   0     1   0                               ______________________________________                                    

Thus, when the half-frame mode is directed by the operating mode bit Xbeing in the "0" logical state, and the read source pointer address isgreater than the write pointer address setting the Y bit to a logical"1", the function bit F is the inverse of the MSB of the write pointer.The function bit F will be the MSB of the read address to theinformation memory. Therefore, setting the function bit to the inverseof the MSB of the write pointer places the read address in the oppositehemisphere to that in which the read pointer lies.

In the full-frame mode, designated by the operating mode pointerassuming the logical "1" state, the function bit F will always take theinverse of the MSB Z of the write pointer. This should be apparent, asin the full-frame mode, the read frame is always in the frame widebuffer not being written into.

Plexible Serial Packet Transfer

As above described, in addition to PCM signaling, the integrated networkswitch transmits digital data over a digital channel. Digital dataincludes control information and other data required for proper systemoperation. In one example, a peripheral device may include an LCDdisplay for providing the user with a visual display of alpha-numericinformation. In the conventional switch, digital data transfer was overfixed serial packet transfer (SPT) channels.

According to a feature of the present invention, SPT channels, one perport, are made elastic. More specifically, with the conventionalarrangement, each channel is synchronized, meaning there can be nobreaks in the message stream. Further, the buffer size is preestablishedto hold the maximum message length. The buffer size is set by the activeprocessing unit based on the peripheral type, which then defines themaximum message length. The disadvantages of such a conventional systemare apparent to one skilled in the art.

The improved SPT data transmission system of this invention will beunderstood from the following description and with reference to FIGS.15A, 15B and 16. The improved SPT system of the integrated networkswitch of the invention provides a flexible means for the transport ofdata to and from peripheral devices to the central processor. Morespecifically, the improved SPT mechanism described herein provides asystem by which message based information can be transported between theswitch's central processing unit and the peripheral devices. It employsfixed-rate bearer channels of 8 kilobits per second to transportstatistically distributed messages. Groups of two, four, or eightchannels can be aggregated together to form bearer channels of 16, 32,or 64 kilobits per second.

To effect the above there is provided for each channel a buffer systemwhich provides two seconds of elastic storage, independent of bearerrate. Aggregation of bearer channels into higher rate channels isregister programmable under control of the central processor.

Thus, the improved SPT system provides a mechanism by which to transportand buffer statistically occurring data from a plurality of terminaldevices at varying data rates, while being able to programmably assignbandwidth to a given logical channel.

The elastic store appears as a circular buffer. A multitude of suchcircular buffers appear within a larger linear buffer representeddiagrammatically in FIGS. 15A and 15B. The buffers are grouped intosets. Each buffer set has a fixed product of buffer size multiplied bythe number of member buffers. Each logical buffer within the set appearsas twice the size of the physical buffer actually employed. Theforegoing can be better understood with reference to FIGS. 15A-15B.

In FIGS. 15A-15B, the write pointer is defined as the current positionused by the hardware to write data to the buffer. The head pointer isthe position in the buffer corresponding to the end of the last completemessage received by the hardware. The tail pointer is the position inthe buffer corresponding to the last position read by the centralprocessing unit. The buffer is depicted as a closed loop in FIG. 15A.

As an initial condition shown in FIG. 15A, the head pointer and the tailpointer are at the same position, and the write pointer is at the nextbuffer memory cell. As a message is received, the write pointer movesaround the loop. In FIG. 15A, this is shown by the counter-clockwisearrow. When the message is completely received, the head pointer is setto the position of the write pointer as shown in FIG. 15B, as the writepointer is at this point in time at the end of the last messagereceived. The central processing unit is notified of this event.

The message contains a message length field. With reference to FIG. 16,after a peripheral sends a start flag 141 it sends a signal to thecentral processor unit indicating the length of the message 142. If themessage length is acceptable 143, the message is sent to the buffer 144.After the entire message is received 145, the head pointer is updated tothe write pointer 146 as above mentioned and the central processing unitis notified 147. After recognizing the notification 148, the centralprocessing unit reads the buffer to the current head pointer 149, thatis to the point in the buffer corresponding to the end of the lastreceived message. As this process proceeds, the tail pointer is updatedby the central processing unit.

The system operates in a similar manner when the central processor unitcommunicates with a peripheral. The head pointer in this case is thelast point of a complete message written by the central processor unit.The tail pointer is the last position read out of the buffer to theperipheral.

Thus, buffers are effectively elastic. That is, it is not necessary asit is with the conventional integrated switch to wait a time sufficientto fill the entire buffer before a read operation can begin. Instead,the read operation begins immediately after a complete message isreceived. This is accomplished by causing the head pointer to be updatedto the write pointer as soon as a complete message is received and bynotifying the central processor unit that the head pointer has beenupdated as soon as it is. The central processor unit begins read out ofthe message immediately upon receipt of the head pointer update.Multiple messages can be stored in each circular buffer, andtransmission can occur simultaneously with reads. This is not possiblewith the conventional switch.

As mentioned above, the buffers are grouped into sets to effect variablebuffer lengths. The length of the buffer is initially set to correspondto at least 2.048 seconds times the transmission rate of the channel.Thus, for a 1 kilobyte per second channel, the buffer length is at least2.048 Kbytes. For data rate of 2 kilobytes per second the buffer lengthis set to be at least at 4.096 kilobytes. Similarly, for a data rate of4 kilobytes per second the buffer length is at least 8.192 kilobytes,while for a data rate of 8 kilobytes per second the buffer length is atleast 16.384 kilobytes.

Further, a buffer set may be based on a port grouping of 32 ports. Wherethe data rate is 1.024 kilobytes per second, there would be 32 bufferseach having a length of 2.048 Kbytes. Should the data rate of the set bedoubled to 2.048 kilobytes per second, the set would be reconfigured as16 buffers each of a length of 4096 Kbytes. Likewise, when the data rateis 4.096 kilobytes per second, the set of buffers is configured as 8buffers each at a length of 8192 Kbytes. Should the data rate beincreased to 8.192 kilobytes per second, the buffers of the set wouldappear as 4 buffers each 16,384 Kbytes in length.

It can be seen from the above that the elastic nature of the buffersallows them to be reconfigured into varying length buffers depending onthe data rate of the incoming data.

Another feature of the improved SPT system of the invention allows thebuffers to exhibit a phantom appearance. That is a 2K buffer can appearas two 2K buffers, a 4k buffer can appear as two 4K buffers, etc. Thisfeature and the advantages achieved thereby can be explained as follows.

Let a 250 byte message be assumed. Let a 2048 byte buffer also beassumed. Let it be further assumed that the write pointer is at memorycell address 2000 of the buffer assigned to the channel. Recalling thatthe buffer is 2048 bytes wide, 48 bytes could be written into the buffercontaining address 2000. But for the following feature of the improvedintegrated network switch described herein, the remaining 202 byteswould be wrapped around to addresses 0 through 201 of the buffer. Sincethis operation requires the computer to see a boundary, it creates morework for thee computer and slows its processing down.

To solve this problem, the integrated switch includes a mechanism bywhich the computer recognizes addresses 2048-4095 as memory celllocations 0-2047. The mechanism operates as follows.

For any address, one significant bit is ignored depending on the size ofthe buffer. For example, assume a 2048 byte buffer, presenting addresses0-2047. The difference in the binary representation of the addressesbetween 0 and 2047 and addresses between 2048 and 4095 is the value ofthe bit in the A11 position of the address. When the A11 bit is 0, theaddresses point to the addresses 0-2047. However, when the A11 bit is a1, the addresses point to addresses 2048-4095.

Therefore, the system of this integrated network switch operates todisregard the most significant bit of the data address. In other words,no boundary is recognized by the central processor. In the aboveexample, when the 250 byte message is to be written into the 2048 bytebuffer it is provided addresses 2000-2250. However, the hardwarediscards the A11 bit in the write pointer.

Therefore, when the address reaches 2048 which in binary is(LSB)00000000001(MSB), the MSB "1" is disregarded. As a directconsequence the write pointer points to address 0 effectively creatingthe wrap around with the necessity for the central processor torecognize a boundary. That is the 2048 byte buffer looks to the systemas a buffer twice that size.

When the buffer is configured as a 4096 byte memory, the A12 bit of theaddress is disregarded by the system. Similarly, when the buffer appearsas an 8192 byte memory the A13 bit of the address is disregarded. For a16,384 byte buffer the A14 bit is disregarded.

The above described arrangement permits the buffer set of length 64Kbytes to be configured as either 2K, 4K, 8K or 16K buffers, based on thedata rate and permits the central processor to operate efficiently, andindependent of buffer boundaries so that an incoming message can beginat any point in the memory space of the buffer assigned to that channel.This means that there is no wasted buffer space, and the read operationcan begin at any point in the buffer. This is contrary to theconventional system wherein the read operation begins at the beginningof the buffer requiring a fixed buffer length with the attendantinefficiencies.

Processor Identification

The integrated network switch also includes a mechanism by whichdifferent central processor units of the common control can beidentified when the backplane bus does not provide slot identification.In the preferred embodiment, the identification of the central processorunits is made on a VME backplane. VME is an abbreviation common in theart and stands for Versa Module Eurocard. The Versa Module Eurocard is aconventional, off-the-shelf Common ("C") Bus for integrated switchcontrollers. Connections to the C-Bus include the CPU board(s), thememories, and the C-Bus Service Unit (VCSU) as shown in FIG. 3. The VCSUprovides a communications interface between the call processor and thetelephony control unit.

As explained herein above with reference to FIG. 2, circuit boards areplugged into physical slots contained in shelves. One of the shelves isa Common Equipment Shelf for the Call Processor Unit and the TelephonyControl Unit. The C-Bus is on the backplane of the slots for the CallProcessor Unit and assist in providing the common control.

In the conventional switch each physical slot represents a uniquefunction. Thus, slot identification labels the function of the boardplaced in the slot. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, slots 3, 5, and 7of the Call Processor Unit portion of the Common Equipment shelf are forVCPUs (Virtual Central Processor Units). Three slots may be provided forcentral processing units for while the integrated network switch isoperable with a single central processor unit, it may advantageouslyfunction with three central processor units, the processing being sharedbetween them. Thus, there may be provided a master cpu or MasterProcessor Unit (MPU) which controls the system hard drive, a telephonecpu or Telephony Processor Unit (TPU) which controls the telephonycontrol system, and an auxiliary cpu or Auxiliary Processor Unit (APU)which runs the call processing and resource programs (CAP/RAP) mentionedabove.

However, with the VME type common bus, no slot identification isprovided. In other words, shelf slots are not uniquely identified toparticular functions. It is possible to assign each cpu a specifiedfunction and program the identification of that specified function intothe cpu. However, that approach suffers the disadvantage that on failureof a cpu its function can not be transferred to one of the co-existingcpus in the system.

A feature of the present invention allows for each cpu to function asany one or more of the system's cpus. In other words with a three cpusystem, each of the cpu's can operate as the MPU, and/or the TPU, and/orthe APU. According to this feature of the invention, each cpu isautomatically identified on system initialization based on a unique cpuidentification system as discussed herein. The cpu identification ismade independent of any slot placement and without programmingidentification information into the cpu. As a consequence, the cpus neednot be placed in any preassigned shelf slots, and each can operate aseither the MPU, the TAU or the APU.

According to this aspect of the invention, a cpu (P1) may have anassociated qualification. For example, the MPU may be configured tocontrol the system hard drive. It is assumed that there is only one harddrive for the system. The connection to the hard drive can be designatedas the qualification. Initially, all processors will attempt to be theMPU (P1) cpu. However, two things will restrict them. First, on line 9of the following described pseudo code, the processor must qualify(i.e., have a hard drive attached). Second, as shown on line 10 of thebelow described pseudo code if the cpu was not previously an MPU (i.e.,P1) it will delay trying to capture the P1 position giving thepreviously identified MPU time to identify itself. Thus, whenever thesystem is rebooted, the MPU will initialize globally withoutinterference from the other cpus.

There does not have to be a qualification for processor identification.Assume no qualification associated with the P1 cpu. In the case where acpu was the previous P1 cpu, it will win the race because of the delaybefore the other cpus begin their race to become the P1 cpu. On theother hand, if none of the processors were the P1 processor, the racewill begin and will be won by one of them that will become the P1processor. On subsequent reboots, the P1 processor will retain thatposition by the fact it will always win the race to become the P1processor due to the delay before the other cpus begin their race to bethe P1 processor.

In general, for a race to occur two things must be true. First, thereare two or more cpus with the same qualifications. If only on of thecpus has the qualification, then that cpu will automatically bedesignated the P1 cpu. Second, there are two or more cpus with the sameprevious identification (e.g., MPU, TPU, APU, or unidentified).

To implement the multiple processor identification feature of theinvention, the following hardware components are implemented. Firstthere is provided a shared RAM for the multiple processors. The sharedRAM is made accessible to all processors on the bus at a fixed location.Second, there is provided an initialized hardware register for processoridentification. This register is also made accessible to all processorson the bus at a fixed location. Third, each processor must itselfcontain a permanent (i.e., non-volatile) memory.

On initialization, the MPU-initializes the shared memory and sets it tozero. After MPU initialization, the initialized hardware register isincremented to 001. When the memory increments to 001 the remainingprocessors begin a race to turn on and assume the TPU and APU positions,respectively, and in that order. The next cpu to turn on will bedesignated the TPU, and the last to turn on will be designated the APU.

To assure that a previously designated TPU will assume that same statuson reboot, the system operates to build a short delay into the cpu whichpreviously was the APU. The cpu knows its last assignment by the codestored in its non-volatile memory. Thus, the race is fixed and thepreviously designated TPU will always win. This assures that theprevious TPU will assume that position on each reboot. It also permitsthe previous APU to assume the TPU position if the TPU has been removedand to assume the MPU position if the previous TPU and MPU have bothbeen removed.

In general, the system of the improved integrated network switch of thisinvention can uniquely and consistently identify processors on a buswhich does not provide relative position information (viz., slotnumber). It-also allows dynamic reallocation of a processor'sidentification based on a consistent pattern. This allows-processorboards to be removed and added to the bus without hard codedconfiguration. In the case where one or more processor boards fail, thesystem allows for the other processors to compensate for the missingprocessors on a subsequent initialization. The unique identification ofeach processor allows for simple distribution of the tasks between theprocessors. The consistent identification of each processor facilitatesthe debugging of each processor separately. For example, an in-circuitemulator could be attached to a specific processor which would bereliably identified as the same processor on subsequent initializationof the bus.

The unique system also allows each processor to be qualified by localresources. For example, only processors with mass storage devices can beidentified as the MPU or processor number 1 (Pi). This guarantees thatcertain resources will be available on specific processors making taskdistribution simple.

As above mentioned, the hardware components for this feature of theinvention include (1) a shared RAM accessible to all processors on thebus at a fixed location, (2) an initialized hardware register accessibleto all processors on the bus at a fixed location, and (3) a permanent,i.e., non-volatile memory, on each processor.

When the bus is initialized, each processor on the bus will beconsistently identified according to a fixed pattern. For example, ifthere are two processors on the bus, one will be always identified asthe MPU (or generally the P1) processor, and the other as the TPU (orgenerally the P2) processor. As additional processors are added to thebus they will be identified as P_(n)°1, where n is the number ofprocessors already on the bus. If P_(n) is removed all processors P_(m)where m>n will become P_(m-n), on a subsequent initialization. Further,any processor can have a qualification function. For example, P3 can bequalified for mass storage, i.e., Qualify(P3)=Mass Storage.

Implementation of the above with the described hardware can beaccomplished with the following functions and procedures used in apseudo code.

Qualify(processor number) is true if the current processor meets thecriteria to be that processor. Otherwise, it returns false.

PreviousId() returns the previous ID of the current processor (i.e.,P1,P2,P3,etc.) from the processor's non-volatile memory.

Store(processor number) stores the processor number in that processor'snon-volatile permanent memory.

Signal(semaphore number) returns true if a semaphore for the specifiedprocessor is successfully set. Otherwise it returns false. Subsequentprocessors will wait for the first processor to signal a "go ahead"before continuing. During this time it is appropriate for processor P1to initialize all shared resources. The semaphore for P1 is aninitialized hardware register which can contain at least three values;unset, set, and "go ahead".

Test(semaphore number) returns true if the semaphore for that processoris set. Otherwise, it returns false.

Delay() provides a short delay which will compensate for smallvariations in the start up time of each processor.

With the above functions and procedures, the following pseudo code isimplemented.

    ______________________________________                                         1.    processor-number ← 0                                               2.    processor-identified ← false                                       3.    while (processor-numberMAXIMUM-PROCESSORS) and                                (not processor-identified)                                              4.    begin                                                                   5.    processor-number ← processor+1                                     6.    if processor-number /=1--- then                                         7.    while  (not Test(goahead)                                               8.    wait                                                                    9.    if Qualify(processor-number) then                                      10.    if PreviousId( )/= processor-number then                               11.    Delay( )                                                               12.    ??? if Signal(processor-number) then                                   13.    processor-identified←true                                         14.    StoreId(processor-number)                                              15.    end                                                                    16.    if processor-number=1 then                                             17.    initialize shared memory                                               18.    Signal(goahead)                                                        ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from the above that if on initializing the bus the firstprocessor initialized is PI, then the additional processors willreinitialize as P2, P3, etc., corresponding to their previousidentifications (assuming they remain on the bus and have notmalfunctioned).

However, if, for example P1 has been removed, the operations proceeds asabove described to cause the remaining processors on the bus to begin toturn on. They thus race to turn on first. The first to turn on willbecome the P1 processor, and the next to turn on the P2 processor, etc.

The invention has thus been shown and described with reference to thespecific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the presentinvention is in no way limited to the details of the embodiments butchanges and modifications may be made within the scope of the inventionas defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An integrated network switch for establishing communication paths among a plurality of peripherals, comprising:a multi-frame information memory for storing multi-frame information in at least first and second memory cells at memory locations corresponding to source ports; a connection memory storing for each destination port an information memory source port address; means for operating the integrated network switch in a half-frame operating mode; means for operating the integrated network switch in a full-frame operating mode; and means for detecting connection of each of said peripherals to the integrated network switch and selectively enabling the half-frame operating mode means and the full-frame operating mode means depending on the peripheral connected to the integrated network switch.
 2. For an integrated network switch including a multi-frame information memory for storing multi-frame information in at least first and second memory cells at memory locations corresponding to source ports and a connection memory storing for each destination port an information memory source port address, the integrated network switch performing connections among a plurality of peripherals, a method for retrieving information data from said information memory comprising:detecting which peripheral of the plurality of peripherals is connected to said integrated network switch; providing an indicator as part of the data received from the source port to enable a half-frame operating mode or a full-frame operating mode of said integrated network switch depending on the peripheral detected to be connected to said integrated network switch; and selectively operating the integrated network switch in the half-frame operating mode or the full-frame operating mode depending on said indicator. 